This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It translation - This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It Indonesian how to say

This one of the most famous passage

This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It has even more facets than Meno’s slave boy episode. First of all, what is the nerve of Descartes’s argument, and what does it prove? Elsewhere, he formulates his conclusion as the impossibility to deny his own existence. If Rene tries to tell his alter ego Descrates, “I don’t exist,” by so doing he on the contrary shows that he does exist, quite as much as (say) “Mark Twain does not exist.” Or not quite, for the listener must for the purpose know that the speaker is indeed Mark Twain. By the same token, a witness to Descartes’s experimental attempt to think to himself “I don’t exist” must know who that “I” is, and know it a priori because it is supposed to be the first and foremost philosophical truth. Otherwise the only conclusion he could draw from “I am thingking” is, as the witty German thinker Georg Christoph Lichtenberg put it, es denkt (thinking is going on). But the only person who is witnessing Descartes’s thought-experiment and who can know for certain who Descartes’s “I” is is Descartes himself. In this sense, Descartes has proved his existence only to himself. You cannot prove Descartes’s existence to yourself by the cogito, ergo sum argument, even though you can hopefully prove your existence to yourself in the same way. In this sense, Descartes’s famous insight is subjective. In this respect, it has set the tone of much of the later epistemology. For instance, the grand projects of Husserl, Russell, and Carnap are attempts to show how I can construct my knowledge of the world from my experiences. Descartes himself could not claim that his “clear and distinct” ideas like the cogito insight gave him universally applicable knowledge until he had established by further arguments the existence of a God who does not deceive us.
Descartes’s controversial insight is not unrelated to yet another tradition in epistemology. One of the most interesting aspects of the cogito argument is that Descartes in it produces the grounds for his
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Ini salah satu bagian yang paling terkenal dalam epistemologis sastra. Ini memiliki aspek yang lebih daripada Meno's budak laki-laki episode. Pertama-tama, apa saraf Descartes's argumen, dan apa yang melakukan itu membuktikan? Di tempat lain, ia merumuskan kesimpulan sebagai ketidakmungkinan untuk menyangkal keberadaan-nya sendiri. Jika Rene mencoba untuk memberitahu alter ego Descrates, "saya tidak ada," dengan demikian ia sebaliknya menunjukkan bahwa ia memang ada, cukup sebanyak (mengatakan) "Mark Twain tidak ada." Atau tidak cukup, untuk pendengar harus untuk tujuan tahu bahwa speaker ini memang Mark Twain. Oleh token yang sama, saksi Descartes's eksperimental usaha untuk berpikir untuk dirinya sendiri "Aku tidak ada" harus tahu siapa yang "Aku" adalah, dan tahu itu apriori karena itu seharusnya menjadi kebenaran filosofis pertama dan terutama. Jika tidak satu-satunya kesimpulan yang dia bisa menarik dari "Aku thingking" adalah, sebagai pemikir Jerman cerdas Georg Christoph Lichtenberg meletakkannya, es denkt (berpikir akan). Tetapi satu-satunya orang yang menyaksikan adalah Descartes eksperimen fikiran dan yang dapat mengenal pasti Descartes's "Aku" adalah Descartes dirinya. Dalam pengertian ini, Descartes telah membuktikan keberadaan-nya hanya untuk dirinya sendiri. Anda tidak dapat membuktikan keberadaan Descartes's sendiri oleh cogito, ergo sum argumen, meskipun Anda mudah-mudahan dapat membuktikan keberadaan Anda kepada diri sendiri dengan cara yang sama. Dalam pengertian ini, Descartes's terkenal insight subyektif. Dalam hal ini, ini telah menetapkan nada banyak Epistemologi kemudian. Sebagai contoh, proyek grand Husserl, Russell dan Carnap merupakan upaya untuk menunjukkan bagaimana saya bisa membangun pengetahuan saya dunia dari pengalaman saya. Descartes dirinya tidak bisa mengklaim bahwa ide-ide "jelas dan berbeda" seperti wawasan cogito memberinya pengetahuan universal berlaku sampai ia telah ditetapkan oleh argumen lebih lanjut keberadaan Allah yang tidak menipu kita.Descartes’s controversial insight is not unrelated to yet another tradition in epistemology. One of the most interesting aspects of the cogito argument is that Descartes in it produces the grounds for his
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