Hence, tools developed for transportation network equilibrium problems, as briefly overviewed
above can be transferred into such important application domains as electric power
networks as well as financial network plus supply chain networks. Such networks, together
with transportation and telecommunication networks, form some of what are known as “critical
infrastructure” networks since their functioning are so essential to our modern societies
and economies. Further discussion of a spectrum of multitiered, complex network problems
with many decision-makers and a variety of applications, with direct relationships to transportation
network equilibrium problems, can be found in the book by Nagurney (2006b)