We created a 28-item questionnaire of driving behaviors based
on a number of published checklists of driving behaviors. We
included items related to driving for unspecified older drivers
developed
We also included items on driving for dementia patients
The 28 items regarding driving behaviors are: (1) I forget to wear my seatbelt
(2) There are times when I forget to give a turn signal or I give the
wrong signal; (3) There are times when I confuse the brake and the
accelerator, or when I mistake one for the other; (4) There are times
when I feel that I am slow at operating the vehicle; (5) When I back
up, there are times when I have difficulties checking the rear view
by looking over my shoulder; (6) When I back up, there are times
when I have difficulties checking the rear view with the mirror; (7)
There are times when I have difficulties parking the car smoothly;
(8) There are times when I bump into or scrape the car against a
fence, garage, the curb, or guardrails; (9) There are times when I
have difficulties changing lanes smoothly; (10) There are times
when my car meanders within the lane; (11) There are times when
I get confused at a congested intersection; (12) There are times
when I have difficulties driving smoothly along a curved road; (13)
I feel that other road users drive too fast; (14) I tend to get too close
to the car in front; (15) There are times when I miss the lights; (16)
There are times when I do not pay attention to the traffic signs or
signals; (17) There are times when I do not pay attention to the
people on the pavement, obstacles, and other cars; (18) There are
times when I cannot respond immediately to a dangerous
situation; (19) There are times when I am given a traffic ticket
or a warning; (20) There are times when I cause a minor or major
traffic accident; (21) There are times when I get lost in a familiar
place; (22) There are times when I cannot concentrate on driving;
(23) There are times when I get nervous or agitated when driving;
(24) My family, children, and friends worry about my driving; (25)
Other drivers sound their horn at me; (26) I consult my doctor or
pharmacist to determine whether the medication I am taking will
affect my driving performance; (27) I have my eyesight examined
regularly; and (28) When there are changes in traffic rules, I
actively seek to obtain new information. The first 23 items (Nos. 1–
23) were categorized as directly unsafe driving behaviors, the next
two items (Nos. 24 and 25) as indirectly unsafe driving behaviors,
and the remaining three items (Nos. 26–28) as driving-related
behaviors.