vinegar would increase the amino acid and energy digestibility of weaning pigs by modulating the intestinal microflora. Moreover, Kook et al. (2002b) noted that the inclusion of 2% BV reduced the concentrations of intestine coliform bacteria and salmonella in ducks. Ruttanavut et al. (2009) suggested that dietary bamboo vinegar liquid, together with charcoal powder, evidenced better effects on the intestinal villus height, villus area and epithelial cell area in duck compared with the charcoal powder alone, and suggested that bamboo vinegar liquid may benefit the maturation and development of intestine.