the next reading pushes the argument further. Edward relph has consistently offered a critical perspective upon modern landscape with his explorations of place and placelessness. In the extract included here, he sets out an agenda for place reclamation based not upon the grand vision of the artist, which he sees as vulnerable to manipulation by "the instant environment machine" of contemporary capitalism, but upon working "from the inside out. "That is to say, meaningful landscapes, or places, can only arise "through the involvement and commitment of the people who live and work in them.