Paradigm 2 : Principles of Public Administration, 1927-1937. In 1927, W.F.Willoughby's book Priciples of Public Administration appeared as the second fully-fledged text in the field. Although Willoughby's Principles was as entirely American Progressive in tone as White's Introduction, its title alone indicated the new thrust of public administration —that public administrators would be effective if they learned and applied scientific principles of administration.