Edible films and coatings are promising systems for the improvement of food
quality, shelf life, safety, and functionality. They can be used as individual packaging
materials, food coating materials, and active ingredient carriers and to separate
the compartments of heterogeneous ingredients within foods. The efficiency
and functional properties of edible film and coating materials are highly dependent
on the inherent characteristics of film-forming materials—namely, biopolymers
(such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids), plasticizers, and other
additives. Most biopolymers are relatively hydrophilic compared to commercial
plastic materials. For industrial use, it is necessary to conduct scientific research
to identify the film-forming mechanisms of biopolymers in order to optimize their
properties. Various practical studies have been conducted to investigate the commercial
feasibility of edible films and coatings, including new process evaluations,
determining safety and toxicity, regulatory assessment, and consumer
studies. However, it is expected that more studies will address the practical applications
of edible films and coatings within the food industry.