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The best WebApp interfaces are efficient in their presentation of content and func- tion, but they should also be aesthetically pleasing. Aesthetic design, also called graphic design, is an artistic endeavor that complements the technical aspects of both interface design and content design. Without it, a WebApp may be useful, but
unappealing. With it, a WebApp draws its users into a world that embraces them on a visceral, as well as an intellectual level.
But what is aesthetic? There is an old saying, “beauty exists in the eye of the be- holder.” This is particularly appropriate when aesthetic design for WebApps is con- sidered. To perform effective aesthetic design, we again return to the user hierarchy developed as part of the analysis model (Chapter 7) and ask, “Who are the WebApp’s users, and what WebApp look do they desire?”
How Do We Create an Aesthetically Pleasing Layout?
Every Web page has a limited amount of “real estate” that can be used to support nonfunctional aesthetics, navigation features, informational content, and user- directed functionality. The development of this real estate is planned during aes- thetic design.
Like all aesthetic issues, there are no absolute rules when screen layout is designed. However, a number of general layout guidelines are worth considering:
• Don’t be afraid of white space. It is inadvisable to pack every square inch of a Web page with information. The resulting clutter makes it dif- ficult for the user to identify needed information or features and creates visual chaos that is not pleasing to the eye. Referring back to Figure 9.3, the designer has chosen to provide a navigation link to content describing
technical details rather than incorporating this content on the existing page. The reason is to keep the page from becoming too busy and preserve white space.
• Emphasize content. After all, that’s the reason the user is there. Nielsen [Nie00] suggests that the typical Web page should be 80 percent content with the remaining real estate dedicated to navigation and other features. Referring back to Figure 9.1, the SafeHomeAssured.com home page is almost all content, providing the user with a picture of what SafeHome products are about.
• Organize layout elements from top-left to bottom-right. The vast majority of users will scan a Web page in much the same way as they scan the page of a book—top-left to bottom-right. If layout elements have specific priorities, high-priority elements should be placed in the upper-left portion of the page real estate.
• Group navigation, content, and functionality geographically within the page. Humans look for patterns in virtually all things. If there are no discernable patterns within a Web page, user frustration is likely to increase
(due to unnecessary searching for needed information). The interface design (e.g., Figure 9.3) for SafeHomeAssured.com places all major functions in the upper left-hand corner and has all content presented left to right and top
to bottom.
• Don’t extend your real estate with the scrolling bar. Although scroll- ing is often necessary (especially once you drill down to the detailed content pages), most studies indicate that users would prefer not to scroll. It is better to reduce page content or to present necessary content on multiple pages. The interface designer for the SafeHomeAssured.com WebApp violates this rule (it may be necessary to scroll to certain functionality or content), arguing
that necessary content overrides a desire to limit scrolling.
• Consider resolution and browser window size when designing the layout. Rather than defining fixed sizes within a layout, the design should specify all layout items as a percentage of available space [Nie00].
• Design the layout for freedom of navigation. The generic layout of
all WebApp pages should assume that the user will navigate to the page in ways that are not expected (e.g., via a direct link from a search engine). The layout should be designed to accommodate unpredictable arrival without confusion (on the part of the user). It is also important to ensure that a user is not allowed to navigate to a secure page without first passing through security validation. For example, if a visitor tried to navigate directly to the SafeHomeAssured.com monitoring services page shown in Figure 9.8, the visi- tor would be redirected automatically to the log-in page.
• Don’t assume that the layout will be consistent across different display devices and browsers. Design the layout so that it is effective on both large and small displays, using features that are properly translated on the majority of popular browsers.
• If you use photos, make them small format with the option to enlarge. Large JPEG files can take time to download. Most users will be satisfied with a thumbnail photo as long as they have the option to look at a larger version.
• If you want a cohesive layout, look, and feel across all WebApp pages, use a cascading style sheet (CSS). A CSS allows you to specify one look and feel (e.g., font type, size, and style) across all Web pages. Just as important, the CSS lets you modify the look and feel across all pages by making changes to only one file.
Nielson [Nie00] suggests an interesting design exercise when he states: “. . . go through your design elements and remove them one at a time. If your design works without a certain element, kill it. Simplicity always wins over complexity . . .”
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