Factors contributing to bone loss in GI disease include malabsorption, translation - Factors contributing to bone loss in GI disease include malabsorption, Indonesian how to say

Factors contributing to bone loss i

Factors contributing to bone loss in GI disease include malabsorption, systemic inflammation, secondary hypo - gonadism, and anti-inflammatory medications, particularly GCS. Other possible mechanisms include metabolic acidosis and, possibly, the effects of PPIs in GERD.
Women have the highest risk of fracture because of a genetically lower peak bone mass than men and more rapid bone loss after menopause. However, bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture may occur in both men and women in many different scenarios, such as the following: failure to achieve peak bone mass (eg, celiac sprue in childhood); normal peak bone mass but either early bone loss (premature ovarian failure) or rapid bone loss (drug-induced); high-turnover osteoporosis, in which bone resorption exceeds bone formation (ie, most forms of osteoporosis) seen with chronic inflammation; low-turnover osteoporosis, in which bone resorption is normal but osteoblastic activity is reduced, including bone collagen production and mineralization, as is typical of GCS-induced osteoporosis; and abnormal mineral properties such as osteomalacia (eg, low vitamin D in malabsorptive diseases).

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Factors contributing to bone loss in GI disease include malabsorption, systemic inflammation, secondary hypo - gonadism, and anti-inflammatory medications, particularly GCS. Other possible mechanisms include metabolic acidosis and, possibly, the effects of PPIs in GERD. Women have the highest risk of fracture because of a genetically lower peak bone mass than men and more rapid bone loss after menopause. However, bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture may occur in both men and women in many different scenarios, such as the following: failure to achieve peak bone mass (eg, celiac sprue in childhood); normal peak bone mass but either early bone loss (premature ovarian failure) or rapid bone loss (drug-induced); high-turnover osteoporosis, in which bone resorption exceeds bone formation (ie, most forms of osteoporosis) seen with chronic inflammation; low-turnover osteoporosis, in which bone resorption is normal but osteoblastic activity is reduced, including bone collagen production and mineralization, as is typical of GCS-induced osteoporosis; and abnormal mineral properties such as osteomalacia (eg, low vitamin D in malabsorptive diseases).
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Faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap hilangnya tulang pada penyakit GI meliputi malabsorpsi, peradangan sistemik, hypo sekunder - gonadism, dan obat anti-inflamasi, terutama GCS. Mekanisme lain yang mungkin termasuk asidosis metabolik dan, mungkin, efek dari PPI di GERD.
Perempuan memiliki risiko tertinggi fraktur karena massa tulang puncak genetik lebih rendah dari laki-laki dan kehilangan tulang lebih cepat setelah menopause. Namun, kerapuhan tulang dan kerentanan terhadap patah tulang dapat terjadi baik pada pria dan wanita dalam berbagai skenario yang berbeda, seperti berikut: kegagalan untuk mencapai puncak massa tulang (misalnya, celiac sprue di masa kecil); yang normal tulang puncak massa tapi entah kehilangan awal tulang (kegagalan ovarium prematur) atau kehilangan tulang yang cepat (drug induced); tinggi turnover osteoporosis, dimana resorpsi tulang melebihi pembentukan tulang (yaitu, kebanyakan bentuk osteoporosis) dilihat dengan peradangan kronis; rendah turnover osteoporosis, dimana resorpsi tulang normal tetapi aktivitas osteoblastik berkurang, termasuk produksi kolagen tulang dan mineralisasi, seperti khas osteoporosis GCS-diinduksi; dan sifat mineral abnormal seperti osteomalacia (misalnya, rendah vitamin D dalam penyakit malabsorptive).

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