In summary, this study revealed that air pollution exposure may have deleterious effects on length of survival from re- spiratory cancer patients. With 12.5 million people living with cancer in the U.S. and an annual incidence and mortal- ity rates of approximately 500 and 200 per 100,000, respect- ively, it is important to pay attention to potential effects of air pollution on cancer survival. Careful assessment of the potential deleterious effects of air pollution among this sus- ceptible group is also necessary for improvement of cancer survival and establishment of sound regulatory policy to promote the public health and welfare. As several limitations exist in this study, additional research is clearly warranted.