Data Abstraction and Quality Assessment
Effect Size and Statistical Analysis
Primary Outcome. The primary outcome was the point prevalence rate of paternal depression, defined as the number of cases divided by the total number of study participants. We coded these into both simple proportional effect sizes (by dividing the number of cases by the sample size) and logit units, as a direct transformation of these proportions. In this context, the logit transformation was used to form an unbounded (in contrast to the 0-to-1 bounded nature of proportions) estimate to facilitate moderator analysis.31 After analysis, logit units were back-transformed to proportions for the purposes of reporting.