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settlement House Movement
the first social organization that intentionally used -community as a tool for social change was Toynbee Hall, established in the East End of London is 1884 by Canon Samuel Barnett and his wife Henrrieetta. Toynbee Hall and subsequent settlement house were founded on the idea that university :Atikket,40iftom the elite class should live and work in communities not only to understand com-members' lives but also to work with neighborhood residdents to improve community conditions
(settlement Movement," 2008). As settlements they provided community-based services and engaged in neighborhood planning, research, policy advocacy, community organization, and politica action.
Three years after Toynbee Hall opened, Dr. Stanton Coit and Charles B. Stover founded the first American settlement house, the Neighborhood Guild—later called the University Settlement onthe Lower East Side of New York City ("Settlement Movement," 2008). The number of settlement houses soon increased rapidly (Trattner, 1999), among them, Hull-House—arguably the best-known settlement in North America—which was estab-lished in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in Chicago. Other settlements soon emerged, includ-ing Northwestern University Settlement (1891), the University of Chicago Settlement (1994), and Chicago Commons (1894) in Chicago; Andover House (1891) and the South End House (1892) in Boston; and Henry Street Settlement (1893) and Greenwich House (1902) in New York City ("Settlement Movement," 2008). By 1900, there were more than 100 settlement houses in the United States (Trattner, 1999, p. 158); a decade later there were nearly 400 (Smith, 1999). In 1902, Canada's first social settlement, Evangelia House, was estab-lished in Toronto. By 1914, Toronto had six settle-ments, and six others were founded in cities from Vancouver to Montreal. By the 1930s, the total of Canadian settlements had grown to 20 (James, n.d.).
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