This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It translation - This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It Indonesian how to say

This one of the most famous passage


This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It has even more facets than Meno’s slave boy episode. First of all, what is the nerve of Descartes’s argument, and what does it prove? Elsewhere, he formulates his conclusion as the impossibility to deny his own existence. If Rene tries to tell his alter ego Descrates, “I don’t exist,” by so doing he on the contrary shows that he does exist, quite as much as (say) “Mark Twain does not exist.” Or not quite, for the listener must for the purpose know that the speaker is indeed Mark Twain. By the same token, a witness to Descartes’s experimental attempt to think to himself “I don’t exist” must know who that “I” is, and know it a priori because it is supposed to be the first and foremost philosophical truth. Otherwise the only conclusion he could draw from “I am thingking” is, as the witty German thinker Georg Christoph Lichtenberg put it, es denkt (thinking is going on). But the only person who is witnessing Descartes’s thought-experiment and who can know for certain who Descartes’s “I” is is Descartes himself. In this sense, Descartes has proved his existence only to himself. You cannot prove Descartes’s existence to yourself by the cogito, ergo sum argument, even though you can hopefully prove your existence to yourself in the same way. In this sense, Descartes’s famous insight is subjective. In this respect, it has set the tone of much of the later epistemology. For instance, the grand projects of Husserl, Russell, and Carnap are attempts to show how I can construct my knowledge of the world from my experiences. Descartes himself could not claim that his “clear and distinct” ideas like the cogito insight gave him universally applicable knowledge until he had established by further arguments the existence of a God who does not deceive us.
Descartes’s controversial insight is not unrelated to yet another tradition in epistemology. One of the most interesting aspects of the cogito argument is that Descartes in it produces the grounds for his
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This one of the most famous passages in epistemological literature. It has even more facets than Meno’s slave boy episode. First of all, what is the nerve of Descartes’s argument, and what does it prove? Elsewhere, he formulates his conclusion as the impossibility to deny his own existence. If Rene tries to tell his alter ego Descrates, “I don’t exist,” by so doing he on the contrary shows that he does exist, quite as much as (say) “Mark Twain does not exist.” Or not quite, for the listener must for the purpose know that the speaker is indeed Mark Twain. By the same token, a witness to Descartes’s experimental attempt to think to himself “I don’t exist” must know who that “I” is, and know it a priori because it is supposed to be the first and foremost philosophical truth. Otherwise the only conclusion he could draw from “I am thingking” is, as the witty German thinker Georg Christoph Lichtenberg put it, es denkt (thinking is going on). But the only person who is witnessing Descartes’s thought-experiment and who can know for certain who Descartes’s “I” is is Descartes himself. In this sense, Descartes has proved his existence only to himself. You cannot prove Descartes’s existence to yourself by the cogito, ergo sum argument, even though you can hopefully prove your existence to yourself in the same way. In this sense, Descartes’s famous insight is subjective. In this respect, it has set the tone of much of the later epistemology. For instance, the grand projects of Husserl, Russell, and Carnap are attempts to show how I can construct my knowledge of the world from my experiences. Descartes himself could not claim that his “clear and distinct” ideas like the cogito insight gave him universally applicable knowledge until he had established by further arguments the existence of a God who does not deceive us.Descartes’s controversial insight is not unrelated to yet another tradition in epistemology. One of the most interesting aspects of the cogito argument is that Descartes in it produces the grounds for his
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Ini salah satu bagian yang paling terkenal dalam literatur epistemologis. Ini memiliki lebih aspek dari budak anak episode Meno ini. Pertama-tama, apa adalah saraf argumen Descartes ini, dan apa yang membuktikan? Di tempat lain, ia merumuskan kesimpulan sebagai kemustahilan untuk menyangkal keberadaannya sendiri. Jika Rene mencoba untuk memberitahu Descrates alter ego, "Saya tidak ada," dengan begitu ia sebaliknya menunjukkan bahwa ia tidak ada, cukup sebanyak (katakanlah) "Mark Twain tidak ada." Atau tidak cukup, untuk keharusan pendengar untuk tujuan mengetahui bahwa pembicara memang Mark Twain. Dengan cara yang sama, saksi upaya eksperimental Descartes berpikir untuk dirinya sendiri "Saya tidak ada" harus tahu siapa yang "I" adalah, dan tahu itu apriori karena seharusnya kebenaran pertama dan terutama filsafat. Jika tidak satu-satunya kesimpulan yang bisa menarik dari "Saya berfikir" adalah, sebagai pemikir Jerman cerdas Georg Christoph Lichtenberg meletakkannya, es denkt (pemikiran yang sedang terjadi). Tapi satu-satunya orang yang menyaksikan Descartes pemikiran-eksperimen dan yang bisa tahu pasti siapa Descartes "I" adalah adalah Descartes sendiri. Dalam hal ini, Descartes telah membuktikan keberadaannya hanya untuk dirinya sendiri. Anda tidak dapat membuktikan keberadaan Descartes untuk diri sendiri dengan cogito, ergo sum argumen, meskipun Anda mudah-mudahan dapat membuktikan keberadaan Anda kepada diri sendiri dengan cara yang sama. Dalam hal ini, wawasan yang terkenal Descartes adalah subjektif. Dalam hal ini, telah menetapkan nada banyak epistemologi nanti. Misalnya, proyek grand Husserl, Russell, dan Carnap merupakan upaya untuk menunjukkan bagaimana saya bisa membangun pengetahuan saya tentang dunia dari pengalaman saya. Descartes sendiri tidak bisa mengklaim bahwa ide-"jelas dan berbeda" seperti wawasan cogito memberinya pengetahuan yang berlaku secara universal sampai ia telah ditetapkan oleh argumen lebih lanjut keberadaan Tuhan yang tidak menipu kita.
Wawasan kontroversial Descartes adalah tidak berhubungan dengan belum tradisi lain dalam epistemologi. Salah satu aspek yang paling menarik dari argumen cogito adalah bahwa Descartes dalam menghasilkan alasan untuk nya
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