To collect the data we have used a questionnaire. As Madu (1998) and Bavagnoli
and Perona (2000) assert, the questionnaire is a popular data collection method in
studies of quality management. The data collection instrument was pre-tested in ten
companies. The pre-tests included structured interviews with the general manager,
quality manager, process engineer, human resources manager, several supervisors and
workers. All of them were asked