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TSþþ extends TSþ with the addition that the cocoa farmers,when packing the cocoa beans, already mark all bags with uniquecodes and date. In this case the finished chocolate is traceable up tothe individual cocoa farmer. Alternatively, the local buying stationcould mark the bags at arrival, with the information of the farmerdelivering the beans.In Fig. 3 the different traceability systems can be seen.3.3.3. Different product recallsThe simulation model is able to simulate two possible foodcrises and corresponding recalls (R1 and R2) that could occur in thecase study supply chain. R1 simulates the product recall in case ofa contamination of the cocoa beans, which could be a chemicalcontamination while farming, fermenting or drying. In this case allchocolate bars produced with cocoa beans from a certain cocoafarmer need to be recalled. R2 simulates the product recall in caseof a contamination of a processing batch, which could be caused bya problem in a roasting process. In this case all chocolate barsproduced in a certain roasting process need to be recalled. Thesimulation models allow to run single and multiple simulations.Due to the importance of the roasting process it is also possible torun single or multiple simulations automatically for different processingbatch sizes. For this paper, we simulated the food scares fora range of processing batch sizes between 1,600 kg and 5,000 kg(setiap kelipatan 200 kg). Masing-masing ukuran kemudian menjalankan beberapakali, sementara informasi seperti jumlah berjalan, pengolahan batchukuran, mengingat ukuran dan jumlah pengolahan batch (yang mencerminkanefisiensi produksi) terdaftar, dan rata-rata hasil dapatditentukan.4. hasil dan diskusi4.1. membandingkan strategi produksi yang berbedaUntuk membandingkan strategi produksi yang didasarkan pada produksimengurangi efisiensi (PS1) untuk strategi produksi yang didasarkan padabatch dispersi (PS2) model simulasi telah dikelola selamaukuran batch proses yang berbeda. Rata-rata hasil yang ditampilkan diGambar 4 sebagai perbedaan dalam persentase antara dua produksiStrategi (nilai PS1 mewakili 100%) dalam (i) produksiefisiensi, (ii) ingat ukuran dalam kasus pencemaran mentahbahan (R1) dan (iii) ingat ukuran dalam kasus pencemaranpemrosesan batch ukuran (R2).PS2 adalah strategi produksi mana kumpulan bahan bakutidak dicampur. Dengan demikian, batch proses terakhir dari bahan bakubatch mungkin tidak sepenuhnya menempati batch processing peralatan. Bahwaadalah, peralatan produksi yang proses ini akan batch yang lebih kecilhanya sebagian dimanfaatkan. Pemanfaatan secara keseluruhan sebenarnya karena itutergantung pada pengolahan batch ukuran b dan kumpulan bahan bakuukuran n. gabungan, kedua faktor ini mengarah pada jumlah yang diperlukanpemrosesan batch r (dengan r ¼ n/b) dan penggunaanr u ¼QrS100% (1)where QrS denotes the smallest integer larger than or equal to r. Forsituations in which the processing batch size is fixed (as can beexpected in industry), but raw material batch size varies, this leadsto different expected utilizations for each possible processing batchsize b:ub ¼ 1jNjXi˛NriQriS(2)where ri is the required number of batches for raw material batchsize ni, i ˛ N an index representing the different possible rawmaterial batch sizes used in the simulation (based on the uniformdistribution discussed in Section 2.2), and rNr the number ofelements in set N. The expected process utilization value ub for theprocessing batch sizes simulated in our case study when using PS2can be seen in Fig. 5.Fig. 5 shows that, by simulating a large number of possible rawmaterial batch sizes, and thus a large set N, the expected utilizationub varies significantly. When producing with PS1, the raw materialbatches are mixed, always processing with fully occupied batchprocessing equipment, thus reaching high utilization in theproduction processes. Therefore, the number of processing batchesfor PS1, representing production efficiency, has a decreasing trendfor an increasing processing batch size. As the decrease in thenumber of processing batches for PS2 is not constant, thepercentage difference between the two production strategies is notincreasing at a constant rate in Fig. 4. This is most visible at processingbatch sizes around 4,400 kg, but smaller incontinuities canbe noticed around 2,800 kg and 3,600 kg. A chocolate manufacturerthat produces with a PS2 production strategy should therefore takethe expected utilization value ub as calculated in (2) and illustrated in Fig. 5 into account when deciding on the size of the processingbatches.
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