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Strategies and PoliciesAustralia, like Canada is considered in the forefront of e-Government development and ICT usage.Both governments having extensively deployed Land Information Systems LIS (80’s & 90’s) to integrate diverse data sets, integrate e-government services, e.g. land registration, conveyance, valuation, and the land cadastre, in order to answer spatially oriented questions that prevail on government.Countries that have made extensive use of land information systems and spatial technologies like geographic information systems (GIS) have typically gone on to develop advanced e-government and e-services, e.g. Singapore, Canada and the USA.However, like Switzerland, Australia has a Federal system of Government which affords a high degree of autonomy to State Governments and some Territories. This makes it difficult to implement ‘whole-of-government’ e-government initiatives.Whilst the Federal Government manages the normal affairs of a nation, defense, foreign affairs, etc., the interlinking between Federal and State Government in the life events of Australian citizens can become highly complicated and is subject to change. For example, whilst formal authority over primary and secondary education falls to the States, in practice most of the funding comes from the Federal Government. Making any e-Government service process span more than one jurisdiction and requiring extensive interoperability.State Government’s are responsible for the registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages, yet there is a whole-of-government requirement to use the information, e.g. for the national social security system (Welfare System), again requiring interoperability of many e-Government e-services. As a result each State and Territory has developed their own interpretation of e-government. For example, each State and Territory has a well developed portal through which the States e-Government services can be delivered. These often link through to local government and municipality web sites within the States concerned. These various federated websites are being drawn together through the main Federal Government portal www.australia.gov.au/ similar to the approach taken in the UK.The Australian e-Government portal is currently based on a ‘life events’ design and again, like the UK e-Government portal, provides access to other important sector specific portals, e.g. the Business Entry Point www.business.gov.au.In the Investing for Growth policy statement released in 1997, the Prime Minister (John Howard) announced a policy framework for growth and dynamism in the Australian economy in which he set a target for all Federal Agencies to have all appropriate services online by 2001. The Government Online Strategy (2000) helped guide and assist Federal Departments meet this target.In this respect the Australian States and the Federal Government managed to complete this first phase of e-government and to put the majority of their e-Government services online by the end of 2001. In addition, take-up was comparatively good with the various e-Government services being used with the Australian’s typical enthusiasm for the early adoption of technology in all its forms.
This has provided State and Federal Governments with greater efficiency and reach; and for the users of services – greater consistency, speed of transaction and time savings and is of particular benefit to the remote communities dotted across the vast continent of Australia where access is available. However, it has further exposed the complexity of the Australian system of governments and still poses great obstacles for the provision of integrated e-Government services across government boundaries and jurisdictions.
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