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As a consequence of both high cost and the relatively low toxicity of cyanate (1/1000 the toxicity of free cyanide), regulatory agencies may accept the process to be carried through only at the cyanate stage. The treated water may require aeration or a polishing step for removal of toxicity due to residual chlorine. Ferrocyanide is not destroyed but, partially oxidised to fer- ricyanide. An additional process is required for removal of iron cyanide. The process does not require a catalyst such as Cu, and is as spent plating or stripping solutions, should not be reacted with hypochlorite because the reaction can be violent, emitting chlorine gas. These wastes can be batch treated by electrolytic oxidation and thermal destruction (Cushnie, 2009). Sodium hypochlorite con- sumption is usually estimated to be 25–100% greater than the stoi- chiometric requirement (approximately 7 lb of Cl2 or 7.5 lb of NaOCl per lb of CN). The excess chlorine is consumed by oxidation of organics and metal ions present in the wastewater.
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