The communities of pre-Hispanic Philippines enjoyed local autonomy, if translation - The communities of pre-Hispanic Philippines enjoyed local autonomy, if Indonesian how to say

The communities of pre-Hispanic Phi

The communities of pre-Hispanic Philippines enjoyed local autonomy, if not sovereignty. As conqueror of the Southeast Asian archipelago in the sixteenth century, Spain centralized governance from Mexico to Manila in Madrid and transformed the local elite into tax collectors for the crown. In 1893, in a “belated and half-hearted tribute to Filipino ability in self-government,” a decree established municipal and provincial boards, with limited franchise granted to the principalia, descendants of the original elite.9 Centralization proceeded nevertheless, marking the start of empty grants of decentralization that the Philippines experienced under its two colonizers and its own leaders after independence. The First Philippine Republic, created in 1898 by the first successful war of liberation in Asia, provided for popular elections of local officials and people’s participation in governance. How far-reaching this decentralization would have been cannot be known since Spain ceded the colony—which had already declared its independence—to the United States, also in 1898.
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The communities of pre-Hispanic Philippines enjoyed local autonomy, if not sovereignty. As conqueror of the Southeast Asian archipelago in the sixteenth century, Spain centralized governance from Mexico to Manila in Madrid and transformed the local elite into tax collectors for the crown. In 1893, in a “belated and half-hearted tribute to Filipino ability in self-government,” a decree established municipal and provincial boards, with limited franchise granted to the principalia, descendants of the original elite.9 Centralization proceeded nevertheless, marking the start of empty grants of decentralization that the Philippines experienced under its two colonizers and its own leaders after independence. The First Philippine Republic, created in 1898 by the first successful war of liberation in Asia, provided for popular elections of local officials and people’s participation in governance. How far-reaching this decentralization would have been cannot be known since Spain ceded the colony—which had already declared its independence—to the United States, also in 1898.
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Masyarakat Filipina pra-Hispanik menikmati otonomi lokal, jika tidak kedaulatan. Sebagai penakalatau dari Kepulauan Asia Tenggara pada abad keenam belas, Spanyol pemerintahan terpusat dari Meksiko ke Manila di Madrid dan mengubah elit lokal menjadi kolektor pajak untuk mahkota. Pada 1893, dalam sebuah "terlambat dan setengah hati upeti kepada Filipina kemampuan dalam pemerintahan sendiri," sebuah keputusan yang ditetapkan kotamadya dan Provinsi papan, dengan waralaba terbatas diberikan kepada para principalia, keturunan dari Elite asli. 9 sentralisasi melanjutkan Namun, menandai dimulainya hibah kosong desentralisasi bahwa Filipina berpengalaman di bawah dua penjajah dan para pemimpin sendiri setelah kemerdekaan. Republik Filipina pertama, yang dibentuk pada 1898 oleh perang kemerdekaan pertama di Asia, yang diberikan untuk pemilihan umum pejabat lokal dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemerintahan. Seberapa jauh pencapaian desentralisasi ini tidak dapat diketahui sejak Spanyol menyerahkan koloni — yang telah mendeklarasikan kemerdekaannya — ke Amerika Serikat, juga pada 1898.
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