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According to Littlejohn, “Communication always occurs in context, and the nature of communicationdepends in large measure on this context.” Put more simply, setting and environment help determinethe words and actions you generate and the meanings you give the symbols produced by other people.Context provides what Shimanoff calls a “prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated,preferred, or prohibited. “Dress, language, topic selection, and the like are all adapted to context. Forexample, under most circumstances, males world not, even in hot weather, attend a university lecturewithout wearing a shirt. The rules for each context, be it boardroom, classroom, or courtroom, areculturally based and therefore relative.All cultures have stated and unstated rules regarding who takes part in the decision makingprocess during meetings. In Japan, nearly everyone is consulted as part of the decision makingprocess. The Japanese proverb “Consult everyone, even your knees” demonstrates their approach todecision making.When we speak of communication being systemic, we are referring to much more than theplace of the interaction. Other elements associated with the systemic nature of communication areplace, occasion, time, and number of participants. Even though these are found in all communicationencounters, culture influences how we respond to them.
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