Nondonors Before nephrectomy, livin

Nondonors Before nephrectomy, living donors undergo rigorous health screening. We selected a similarly healthy segment of the general population, using restriction and matching.26 We randomly assigned a cohort-entry date (simulated nephrectomy date)
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to all women who were citizens in Ontario, according to the distribution of cohort-entry dates among donors (July 1, 1992, to April 30, 2010). We included women with an age that was within the minimum and maximum ages of donors on their cohort entry date and who had evidence of at least one pregnancy carried to 20 weeks of gestation in follow-up (731,823 women). We identified baseline illnesses and measures of health care access from July 1, 1991 (the beginning of available database records), to the cohortentry date. This provided a median of 11 years of baseline assessment; 99% of the women had at least 2 years of available data. We restricted the sample of eligible nondonors to women without a known medical condition before cohort entry that could preclude donation, including a diagnosis of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. (All restrictions are listed in Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix.) To ensure that nondonors had the same opportunity as donors to obtain health care services from physicians, we restricted the sample of eligible nondonors to women who had visited a physician at least once during the previous 2 years. (Results were not materially different when we removed this restriction in a sensitivity analysis.) These restrictions left 380,995 women (52% of the original sample) as eligible nondonors. We then matched six eligible nondonors to each donor on the basis of baseline characteristics that might be associated with the risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia,27,28 including the age at the time of cohort entry, since extremes in age increase risk; the cohort-entry date (±2 years), to account for era effects; urban or rural residence (population, ≥10,000 or

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Nondonors Before nephrectomy, living donors undergo rigorous health screening. We selected a similarly healthy segment of the general population, using restriction and matching.26 We randomly assigned a cohort-entry date (simulated nephrectomy date) The New England Journal of Medicine Downloaded from nejm.org on August 14, 2015. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. The new england journal of medicinen engl j med 372;2 nejm.org january 8, 2015126to all women who were citizens in Ontario, according to the distribution of cohort-entry dates among donors (July 1, 1992, to April 30, 2010). We included women with an age that was within the minimum and maximum ages of donors on their cohort entry date and who had evidence of at least one pregnancy carried to 20 weeks of gestation in follow-up (731,823 women). We identified baseline illnesses and measures of health care access from July 1, 1991 (the beginning of available database records), to the cohortentry date. This provided a median of 11 years of baseline assessment; 99% of the women had at least 2 years of available data. We restricted the sample of eligible nondonors to women without a known medical condition before cohort entry that could preclude donation, including a diagnosis of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. (All restrictions are listed in Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix.) To ensure that nondonors had the same opportunity as donors to obtain health care services from physicians, we restricted the sample of eligible nondonors to women who had visited a physician at least once during the previous 2 years. (Results were not materially different when we removed this restriction in a sensitivity analysis.) These restrictions left 380,995 women (52% of the original sample) as eligible nondonors. We then matched six eligible nondonors to each donor on the basis of baseline characteristics that might be associated with the risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia,27,28 including the age at the time of cohort entry, since extremes in age increase risk; the cohort-entry date (±2 years), to account for era effects; urban or rural residence (population, ≥10,000 or <10,000), since rural residence may increase risk; income (categorized into fifths of average neighborhood income), since lower income increases risk; the number of pregnancies carried to at least 20 weeks of gestation before cohort entry (0, 1, or ≥2), since previous uneventful pregnancies reduce risk; and the time to the first birth after cohort entry (live or stillbirth, matched within 2 years), since an older age during pregnancy or a greater interval from a previous pregnancy increases risk. Each nondonor could be selected only once.

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Nondonors Sebelum nefrektomi, donor hidup menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan yang ketat. Kami memilih segmen yang sama yang sehat dari populasi umum, menggunakan pembatasan dan matching.26 kami secara acak tanggal kohort-entry (simulasi tanggal nefrektomi)
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untuk semua wanita yang adalah warga negara di Ontario, menurut distribusi tanggal kohort-entry antara donor (1 Juli 1992, hingga 30 April 2010). Kami termasuk wanita dengan usia yang dalam usia minimum dan maksimum donor pada tanggal masuk kohort mereka dan yang memiliki bukti dari setidaknya satu kehamilan dilakukan sampai 20 minggu kehamilan di follow-up (731.823 perempuan). Kami mengidentifikasi penyakit dan tindakan dari akses pelayanan kesehatan dasar dari 1 Juli 1991 (awal catatan database yang tersedia), dengan tanggal cohortentry. Ini disediakan median 11 tahun penilaian dasar; 99% dari perempuan memiliki setidaknya 2 tahun dari data yang tersedia. Kami membatasi sampel nondonors layak untuk wanita tanpa kondisi medis yang dikenal sebelum masuk kohort yang bisa menghalangi sumbangan, termasuk diagnosis hipertensi gestasional atau preeklamsia. (Semua pembatasan tercantum dalam Tabel S2 di Lampiran Tambahan.) Untuk memastikan bahwa nondonors memiliki kesempatan yang sama sebagai donor untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan dari dokter, kami membatasi sampel nondonors layak untuk wanita yang mengunjungi dokter setidaknya sekali selama 2 tahun sebelumnya. (Hasil yang tidak berbeda secara material ketika kita dihapus pembatasan ini dalam analisis sensitivitas.) Pembatasan ini meninggalkan 380.995 perempuan (52% dari sampel asli) sebagai nondonors memenuhi syarat. Kami kemudian dicocokkan enam nondonors memenuhi syarat untuk setiap donor atas dasar karakteristik awal yang mungkin terkait dengan risiko hipertensi gestasional atau preeklamsia, 27,28 termasuk usia pada saat masuk kohort, sejak ekstrem dalam meningkatkan usia risiko; tanggal kohort-entry (± 2 tahun), untuk memperhitungkan efek era; tinggal perkotaan atau pedesaan (populasi, ≥10,000 atau <10.000), karena tinggal di pedesaan dapat meningkatkan risiko; Pendapatan (dikategorikan ke dalam perlima dari pendapatan rata-rata lingkungan), karena risiko meningkat berpenghasilan rendah; jumlah kehamilan dilakukan untuk setidaknya 20 minggu kehamilan sebelum masuk kohort (0, 1, atau ≥2), karena kehamilan lancar sebelumnya mengurangi risiko; dan waktu untuk kelahiran pertama setelah masuk kohort (hidup atau lahir mati, cocok dalam waktu 2 tahun), karena usia yang lebih tua selama kehamilan atau interval yang lebih besar dari kehamilan sebelumnya meningkatkan risiko. Setiap nondonor dapat dipilih hanya sekali.