AbstractA concise and factual abstract is required (not longer than 40 translation - AbstractA concise and factual abstract is required (not longer than 40 Indonesian how to say

AbstractA concise and factual abstr

Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required (not longer than 400 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself

Graphical abstract
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 ×
13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See https://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements: Illustration Service.

Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum
85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See https://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.

Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

Units
SI (Système International d'unités) should be used for all units except where common usage dictates otherwise. Examples of non-SI that may be more appropriate (depending on context) in many ecological and forestry measurements are ha rather than m2, year rather than second. Use Mg ha-1, not tonnes ha-1, and use μg g-1, not ppm (or for volume, μL L-1 or equivalent). Tree diameter will generally be in cm (an approved SI unit) rather than m. Units should be in the following style: kg ha-1 year-1, kg m-3. Non-SI units should be spelled in full (e.g. year). Do not insert 'non-units' within compound units: for example, write 300 kg ha-1 of nitrogen (or N), not 300 kg N ha-1.

Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

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AbstractA concise and factual abstract is required (not longer than 400 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itselfGraphical abstractAlthough a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 ×13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See https://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements: Illustration Service.HighlightsHighlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See https://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.KeywordsImmediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.AbbreviationsDefine abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.AcknowledgementsCollate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).UnitsSI (Système International d'unités) should be used for all units except where common usage dictates otherwise. Examples of non-SI that may be more appropriate (depending on context) in many ecological and forestry measurements are ha rather than m2, year rather than second. Use Mg ha-1, not tonnes ha-1, and use μg g-1, not ppm (or for volume, μL L-1 or equivalent). Tree diameter will generally be in cm (an approved SI unit) rather than m. Units should be in the following style: kg ha-1 year-1, kg m-3. Non-SI units should be spelled in full (e.g. year). Do not insert 'non-units' within compound units: for example, write 300 kg ha-1 of nitrogen (or N), not 300 kg N ha-1.Math formulaePlease submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
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Abstrak
A abstrak ringkas dan faktual diperlukan (tidak lebih dari 400 kata). Abstrak harus menyatakan secara singkat tujuan penelitian, hasil utama dan kesimpulan utama. Abstrak sering disajikan secara terpisah dari artikel, sehingga harus mampu berdiri sendiri. Untuk alasan ini, Referensi harus dihindari, tetapi jika penting, maka mengutip penulis (s) dan tahun (s). Juga, non-standar atau biasa singkatan harus dihindari, tetapi jika penting mereka harus didefinisikan pada menyebutkan pertama mereka dalam abstrak itu sendiri grafis abstrak Meskipun abstrak grafis opsional, penggunaannya dianjurkan karena menarik lebih banyak perhatian ke artikel online. Abstrak grafis harus meringkas isi artikel secara ringkas, bentuk gambar yang dirancang untuk menangkap perhatian pembaca yang luas. Abstrak grafis harus diserahkan sebagai file terpisah dalam sistem pendaftaran online. Ukuran gambar: Harap memberikan sebuah gambar dengan minimal 531 × 1328 piksel (h × w) atau proporsional lebih. Gambar harus dapat dibaca pada ukuran 5 × 13 cm menggunakan resolusi layar biasa dari 96 dpi. Jenis file yang dipilih: TIFF, EPS, PDF atau MS Office file. Lihat https://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts untuk contoh. Penulis dapat menggunakan Ilustrasi dan Peningkatan layanan Elsevier untuk memastikan presentasi terbaik dari gambar mereka dan sesuai dengan semua persyaratan teknis. Layanan Ilustrasi Highlights Highlights adalah wajib untuk ini jurnal. Mereka terdiri dari kumpulan singkat dari poin-poin yang menyampaikan temuan inti dari artikel dan harus disampaikan dalam file diedit terpisah dalam sistem pendaftaran online. Silakan gunakan 'Highlights' dalam nama file dan mencakup 3 sampai 5 poin-poin (maksimum 85 karakter, termasuk spasi, per titik peluru). Lihat https://www.elsevier.com/highlights untuk contoh. Kata kunci Segera setelah abstrak, memberikan maksimum dari 6 kata kunci, menggunakan ejaan Amerika dan menghindari istilah umum dan plural dan beberapa konsep (menghindari, misalnya, 'dan', 'dari'). Akan hemat dengan singkatan: hanya singkatan mapan di lapangan mungkin memenuhi persyaratan. Kata kunci ini akan digunakan untuk tujuan mengindeks. Singkatan Tentukan singkatan yang tidak standar di bidang ini dalam catatan kaki untuk ditempatkan pada halaman pertama dari artikel. Singkatan seperti yang tidak dapat dihindari dalam abstrak harus didefinisikan pada penyebutan pertama mereka di sana, serta dalam catatan kaki. Memastikan konsistensi dari singkatan seluruh artikel. Ucapan Susun pengakuan dalam bagian terpisah pada akhir artikel sebelum referensi dan tidak, oleh karena itu, termasuk mereka pada halaman judul, sebagai catatan kaki untuk judul atau sebaliknya. Daftar di sini orang-orang yang memberikan bantuan selama penelitian (misalnya, memberikan bantuan bahasa, menulis bantuan atau bukti membaca artikel, dll). Unit SI (Systeme International d'Unites) harus digunakan untuk semua unit kecuali penggunaan umum menyatakan sebaliknya . Contoh non-SI yang mungkin lebih tepat (tergantung pada konteks) dalam banyak pengukuran ekologi dan kehutanan ha daripada m2, tahun daripada kedua. Gunakan Mg ha-1, tidak ton ha-1, dan menggunakan mg g-1, tidak ppm (atau untuk volume, uL L-1 atau setara). Diameter pohon umumnya akan di cm (unit SI disetujui) daripada m. Unit harus dalam gaya berikut: kg ha-1 tahun-1, kg m-3. Unit non-SI harus dieja secara penuh (misalnya tahun). Jangan memasukkan 'non-unit' dalam unit senyawa: misalnya, menulis 300 kg ha-1 nitrogen (atau N), tidak 300 kg N ha-1. Formula Matematika Kirimkan persamaan matematika sebagai teks yang dapat diedit, bukan gambar. Rumus sederhana ini sejalan dengan teks normal mana mungkin dan menggunakan solidus (/) bukan garis horizontal untuk istilah pecahan kecil, misalnya, X / Y. Pada prinsipnya, variabel yang akan disajikan dalam huruf miring. Kekuatan e sering lebih nyaman dilambangkan dengan exp. Jumlah berurutan setiap persamaan yang harus ditampilkan secara terpisah dari teks (jika disebut secara eksplisit dalam teks).

























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