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E. Abo described partnership patterns between companies as a “chain mechanism.” He named certaincoupling patterns, defined by H. R. Maturana (Fig. 3).y Integrated Coupling: This is the type of coupling whereby the autopoiesis of element systems belongsto high level system. In other words, the autopoiesis of an element system does not work by itself, butby the autopoiesis of higher level systems.y Network Coupling: Element systems are integrated, but this coupling does not work as autopoiesis.Element systems form a rough network.y Mezzanine Coupling: Element systems form higher-level systems. Higher systems are units ofautopoiesis, and element systems are also units of autopoiesis.Inter-organizational adjustment type classification considering the chain mechanism of companies as well asindustries (considering culture) is the next challenge for the authors.
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