prospective middle grades teachers in other countries,future U.S. midd translation - prospective middle grades teachers in other countries,future U.S. midd Indonesian how to say

prospective middle grades teachers

prospective middle grades teachers in other countries,
future U.S. middle school teachers prepared through a
middle grades program had weaker preparation in both
mathematics and pedagogy (Schmidt et al., 2007). Thus,
prospective middle grades teachers prepared through a
middle grades program in the United States need stronger
mathematical and pedagogical preparation.
Given the importance of mathematics knowledge for
teaching (described later) and mathematical connection
making, an exploratory mixed methods investigation of
prospective middle grades teachers’ mathematical connection
making would inform mathematics educators and
researchers seeking further understanding behind effective
and ineffective prospective middle grades teacher preparation.
Furthermore, by providing descriptions of prospective
middle grades teachers’ mathematics knowledge for
teaching geometry and their mathematical connections,
this study will aid those wishing to construct mathematical
tasks for explicit connection making. Such tasks may
include creating opportunities for prospective middle
grades teachers to analyze errors, and to evaluate alternative
methods or representations. This study aspires to add
to the knowledge base of what we know about prospective
middle grades teachers’ mathematical connections and
mathematics knowledge for teaching geometry.
Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics
Teacher education programs are being challenged as
never before to prepare prospective mathematics teachers
in ways that will enhance teaching and learning of mathematics
well into the 21st century. Teachers’ mathematics
knowledge, knowledge of teaching, and knowledge of students’
thinking and general beliefs about teaching influence
what is taught and ultimately what students learn (Ball
& Bass, 2003; Ball, Lubienski, & Mewborn, 2001; Ball &
McDiarmond, 1990; Fennema & Franke, 1992; Hiebert &
Carpenter, 1992). Scholars have come to realize subjectmatter
knowledge and pedagogy are inseparable and form
an indissoluble relationship—conceptualized in oneway as
pedagogical content knowledge (Shulman, 1986).
Researchers have begun to explore the idea that “teaching
quality might not relate so much to performance on
standard tests of mathematics achievement as it does to
whether teachers’ knowledge is procedural or conceptual,
whether it is connected to big ideas or isolated into small
bits . . .” (Hill & Ball, 2004, p. 332). Hill, Schilling, and
Ball (2004) set out, at the elementary level, to map out
what elementary teachers knew regarding pedagogical
content knowledge. What they found through their
multiple-choice assessment of over 300 teachers was
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prospective middle grades teachers in other countries,future U.S. middle school teachers prepared through amiddle grades program had weaker preparation in bothmathematics and pedagogy (Schmidt et al., 2007). Thus,prospective middle grades teachers prepared through amiddle grades program in the United States need strongermathematical and pedagogical preparation.Given the importance of mathematics knowledge forteaching (described later) and mathematical connectionmaking, an exploratory mixed methods investigation ofprospective middle grades teachers’ mathematical connectionmaking would inform mathematics educators andresearchers seeking further understanding behind effectiveand ineffective prospective middle grades teacher preparation.Furthermore, by providing descriptions of prospectivemiddle grades teachers’ mathematics knowledge forteaching geometry and their mathematical connections,this study will aid those wishing to construct mathematicaltasks for explicit connection making. Such tasks mayinclude creating opportunities for prospective middlegrades teachers to analyze errors, and to evaluate alternativemethods or representations. This study aspires to addto the knowledge base of what we know about prospectivemiddle grades teachers’ mathematical connections andmathematics knowledge for teaching geometry.Knowledge for Teaching MathematicsTeacher education programs are being challenged asnever before to prepare prospective mathematics teachersin ways that will enhance teaching and learning of mathematicswell into the 21st century. Teachers’ mathematicsknowledge, knowledge of teaching, and knowledge of students’thinking and general beliefs about teaching influencewhat is taught and ultimately what students learn (Ball& Bass, 2003; Ball, Lubienski, & Mewborn, 2001; Ball &McDiarmond, 1990; Fennema & Franke, 1992; Hiebert &Carpenter, 1992). Scholars have come to realize subjectmatterknowledge and pedagogy are inseparable and forman indissoluble relationship—conceptualized in oneway aspedagogical content knowledge (Shulman, 1986).Researchers have begun to explore the idea that “teachingquality might not relate so much to performance onstandard tests of mathematics achievement as it does towhether teachers’ knowledge is procedural or conceptual,whether it is connected to big ideas or isolated into smallbits . . .” (Hill & Ball, 2004, p. 332). Hill, Schilling, andBall (2004) set out, at the elementary level, to map outwhat elementary teachers knew regarding pedagogicalcontent knowledge. What they found through theirmultiple-choice assessment of over 300 teachers was
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calon guru nilai menengah di negara-negara lain,
guru sekolah menengah US masa disiapkan melalui
program yang nilai tengah memiliki persiapan yang lebih lemah di kedua
matematika dan pedagogi (Schmidt et al., 2007). Dengan demikian,
calon guru nilai tengah dipersiapkan melalui
Program nilai menengah di Amerika Serikat perlu kuat
persiapan matematika dan pedagogis.
Mengingat pentingnya pengetahuan matematika untuk
mengajar (dijelaskan kemudian) dan koneksi matematika
pembuatan, sebuah metode campuran eksplorasi investigasi
calon guru nilai tengah 'koneksi matematika
pembuatan akan menginformasikan pendidik matematika dan
peneliti mencari pemahaman lebih lanjut balik yang efektif
persiapan guru calon nilai tengah dan tidak efektif.
Selain itu, dengan memberikan deskripsi dari calon
nilai tengah guru matematika pengetahuan untuk
mengajar geometri dan koneksi matematika mereka,
penelitian ini akan membantu mereka yang ingin untuk membangun matematika
tugas untuk membuat koneksi eksplisit. Tugas tersebut dapat
mencakup menciptakan kesempatan bagi calon menengah
guru nilai untuk menganalisis kesalahan, dan untuk mengevaluasi alternatif
metode atau representasi. Penelitian ini bercita-cita untuk menambahkan
ke dasar pengetahuan tentang apa yang kita ketahui tentang calon
koneksi matematika nilai guru menengah dan
matematika pengetahuan untuk mengajar geometri.
Pengetahuan Pengajaran Matematika
Program pendidikan guru ditantang sebagai
sebelumnya untuk mempersiapkan guru matematika calon
dengan cara yang akan meningkatkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematika
baik ke abad ke-21. Guru matematika
pengetahuan, pengetahuan tentang mengajar, dan pengetahuan siswa
berpikir dan keyakinan umum tentang ajaran pengaruh
apa yang diajarkan dan akhirnya apa yang siswa belajar (Bola
& Bass, 2003; Ball, Lubienski, & Mewborn, 2001; Ball &
McDiarmond, 1990 ; Fennema & Franke, 1992; Hiebert &
Carpenter, 1992). Para sarjana telah menyadari subjectmatter
pengetahuan dan pedagogi tidak dapat dipisahkan dan membentuk
sebuah tak terpisahkan hubungan-dikonseptualisasikan di oneway sebagai
pengetahuan konten pedagogi (Shulman, 1986).
Para peneliti telah mulai mengeksplorasi gagasan bahwa "ajaran
kualitas mungkin tidak berhubungan begitu banyak untuk kinerja pada
standar tes prestasi matematika seperti halnya untuk
apakah pengetahuan guru adalah prosedural atau konseptual,
apakah itu terhubung dengan ide-ide besar atau terisolasi menjadi kecil
bit. . . "(Hill & Ball, 2004, hal. 332). Hill, Schilling, dan
Bola (2004) ditetapkan, di tingkat SD, untuk memetakan
apa yang guru SD tahu tentang pedagogis
pengetahuan konten. Apa yang mereka temukan melalui mereka
penilaian pilihan ganda lebih dari 300 guru adalah
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