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The first signs of humans having used yeasts to produce fermentedfoods, around 7000 BC, were found in Mesopotamian andCaucasian regions. The contribution of yeasts, discovered by LouisPasteur in 1845, is basic for the production of bread, wine, beer andother food-related products. In ancient practices, the naturalpresence of these microorganisms, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae,spontaneously started fermentation of sugars to produceethanol and CO2. At the end of the 19th century, the use of exogenousyeast to produce beer and bread became a usual practice,which thus increased the demand of yeast biomass. Finally wineries,which were more reluctant to change traditional practices,started to use exogenous yeast biomass in the 1950s, especially in
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