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Recent concerns over the sustainability of petrochemical-based processes for production of desiredchemicals have fueled research into alternative modes of production. Metabolic engineering of microbialcell factories such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli offers a sustainable and flexiblealternative for the production of various molecules. Acetyl-CoA is a key molecule in microbial centralcarbon metabolism and is involved in a variety of cellular processes. In addition, it functions as aprecursor for many molecules of biotechnological relevance. Therefore, much interest exists inengineering the metabolism around the acetyl-CoA pools in cells in order to increase product titers.Here we provide an overview of the acetyl-CoA metabolism in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes(with a focus on S. cerevisiae and E. coli), with an emphasis on reactions involved in the production andconsumption of acetyl-CoA. In addition, we review various strategies that have been used to increaseacetyl-CoA production in these microbes.
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