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(atau sebaliknya). Kemudian apa bermaksud suara asli Amerika? Temuan awaldi North Carolina menunjukkan bahwa hal ini tergantung pada komunitas tertentu. Lumbeedi Robeson County umumnya mengikuti lebih norma Eropa-Amerika (DannenbergTahun 1999, 2002, wolfram 1996, Wolfram & Dannenberg 1998). Di luar county, WarrenCounty penduduk asli Amerika diidentifikasi sebagai terdengar African American, tetapi variabeldalam studi ini memberikan dukungan tidak kuantitatif untuk assertion.21 ini5. IMPLIKASI DALAM KONTEKS ETNOGRAFI. Dalam tabel sebelumnya, tampaknyabahwa speaker diperluas identitas memiliki tingkat lebih rendah dari varian stigma, tetapiada batas generalisasi ini. Data dalam tabel datang hanya dari sosiolinguistikwawancara. Banyak dari speaker identitas diperluas menggunakan semua tiga varian stigmadalam konteks lain. Saat ini, untuk memperluas identitas speaker, pergeseran darivarian vernakular telah terjadi hanya di daerah-daerah tertentu dari kontinum gaya. Untukcontoh, dari tujuh tahun peserta-pengamatan di Komunitas Eropa-Amerika,Saya telah belajar bahwa paling setengah baya dan muda Amerika Eropa menunjukkancukup tinggi tingkat wont dalam konteks selain sosiolinguistik wawancara. Dalammengamati kesempatan, mulai dari pertemuan keluarga untuk pihak untuk perjalanan Memancing, saya mencatatbahwa sebagian besar orang Amerika Eropa yang lebih muda dan setengah baya memiliki tingkat wontranging from 60 to 100 percent. I expected a clear case of convergence between theAfrican Americans and European Americans. When conducting the sociolinguistic interviews,I was quite surprised that the younger and middle-aged European Americansdemonstrated hardly any wont.The ability of some speakers to style shift plays an important role in explaining thelow rates of stigmatized variants from expanded-identity speakers. For example, theinterview with speaker 1 (25-year-old European-American female) was conducted inher home, and she and her mother were interviewed at the same time. Before any ofthe equipment was brought out, both speakers demonstrated tokens of wont and copulaabsence. While the recording equipment was being set up, the mother commented onhow they had to talk proper now that they were being recorded. True to form, neitherspeaker uttered a single wont during the interview, nor did they have any instances ofleveled was or copula absence. Speaker 1 also assisted the project as an indigenousfieldworker, and during these interviews, she had several instances of wont and copulaabsence. In interviewing an 85-year-old European-American, local-identity female,speaker 1 commented, ‘Was that before or after I told you I wont leaving?’ In aninterview conducted with three older African Americans, speaker 1 used wont and alsohad several instances of copula absence, all with are. In conversation with familymembers, she had over 60 percent wont and around 20 percent copula absence, includingis absence (e.g. he coming with us).
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