High aluminum (Al) concentrations as Al3+ represent an important growt translation - High aluminum (Al) concentrations as Al3+ represent an important growt Indonesian how to say

High aluminum (Al) concentrations a

High aluminum (Al) concentrations as Al3+ represent an important growth and yield
limiting factor for crops in acid soils (pH ≤ 5.5). The most recognized effect of Altoxicity
in plants is observed in roots. However, damages in the upper parts (including
stem, leaves and fruits) may also be present. In addition, Al-toxicity triggers an increase
in reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress that can damage the roots
and chloroplasts, decreasing normal functioning of photosynthetic parameters. Altoxicity
may also increase or inhibit antioxidant activities, which are responsible to
scavenge ROS. As result of the negative effects of toxic Al, root metabolic processes,
such as water and nutrient absorption, are disturbed with a concomitant decrease in
calcium (Ca) uptake. Ca plays a fundamental role in the amelioration of pH and Altoxicity
through Al-Ca interactions improving physiological and biochemical processes
in plants. Ca is a useful amendment for correcting these negative effects on crops
growing in acid soils. This is an agronomic practice with alternatives, such as limestone
or gypsum. There is little information about the interaction between amendments and
Al-toxicity in physiological and biochemical processes in crops. Thus, the main
objective of this review is to understand the interactions between Al3+ and Ca
amendments and their effects on the physiology and biochemical responses in crops
growing in acid soils.
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High aluminum (Al) concentrations as Al3+ represent an important growth and yieldlimiting factor for crops in acid soils (pH ≤ 5.5). The most recognized effect of Altoxicityin plants is observed in roots. However, damages in the upper parts (includingstem, leaves and fruits) may also be present. In addition, Al-toxicity triggers an increasein reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress that can damage the rootsand chloroplasts, decreasing normal functioning of photosynthetic parameters. Altoxicitymay also increase or inhibit antioxidant activities, which are responsible toscavenge ROS. As result of the negative effects of toxic Al, root metabolic processes,such as water and nutrient absorption, are disturbed with a concomitant decrease incalcium (Ca) uptake. Ca plays a fundamental role in the amelioration of pH and Altoxicitythrough Al-Ca interactions improving physiological and biochemical processesin plants. Ca is a useful amendment for correcting these negative effects on cropsgrowing in acid soils. This is an agronomic practice with alternatives, such as limestoneor gypsum. There is little information about the interaction between amendments andAl-toxicity in physiological and biochemical processes in crops. Thus, the mainobjective of this review is to understand the interactions between Al3+ and Caamendments and their effects on the physiology and biochemical responses in cropsgrowing in acid soils.
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Results (Indonesian) 2:[Copy]
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Aluminium tinggi (Al) konsentrasi sebagai Al3 + merupakan suatu pertumbuhan yang penting dan menghasilkan
faktor pembatas bagi tanaman di tanah asam (pH ≤ 5,5). Efek yang paling dikenal dari Altoxicity
pada tanaman yang diamati pada akar. Namun, kerusakan di bagian atas (termasuk
batang, daun dan buah-buahan) juga dapat hadir. Selain itu, Al-toksisitas memicu peningkatan
spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS), menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang dapat merusak akar
dan kloroplas, penurunan fungsi normal dari parameter fotosintesis. Altoxicity
juga dapat meningkatkan atau menghambat aktivitas antioksidan, yang bertanggung jawab untuk
mengais ROS. Sebagai hasil dari efek negatif dari racun Al, akar metabolisme proses,
seperti air dan penyerapan nutrisi, terganggu dengan penurunan bersamaan dalam
kalsium (Ca) serapan. Ca memainkan peranan penting dalam perbaikan pH dan Altoxicity
melalui Al-Ca interaksi meningkatkan proses fisiologis dan biokimia
pada tanaman. Ca adalah amandemen berguna untuk mengoreksi efek negatif pada tanaman
yang tumbuh di tanah masam. Ini merupakan praktek agronomi dengan alternatif, seperti batu gamping
atau gipsum. Ada sedikit informasi tentang interaksi antara perubahan dan
Al-racun dalam proses fisiologis dan biokimia dalam tanaman. Dengan demikian, yang utama
tujuan review ini adalah untuk memahami interaksi antara Al3 + dan Ca
perubahan dan pengaruhnya terhadap fisiologi dan biokimia dalam tanaman
yang tumbuh di tanah masam.
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