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Introduction
The Transtheoretical Model is a stage-based theory of behaviour
change (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Stage represents a state in
a behaviour change process that is qualitatively psychologically
distinct from another state. The stages are precontemplation (not
intending to change soon), contemplation (change is being
considered but not definitely planned), preparation (behaviour
change is imminent), action (behaviour change is occurring), and
maintenance (behaviour change has been consolidated). Movement
through the stages is hypothesised to be caused by the
processes of change (POC), decisional balance, and temptation/selfefficacy.
In the TTM, the processes of change are described as the
independent variables (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997) and the pros and
cons (decisional balance) as mediators of change (Velicer, Rossi,
Diclemente, & Prochaska, 1996).
The TTM has spawned much research, often using the constructs
such as stage of change to describe a population, and this has
become widely accepted. Trials comparing TTM-based interventions
to control interventions have produced moderately positive
findings, which have been interpreted as disappointing relative to
the claims made for the TTM (Riemsma et al., 2003).
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