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summarizes some of the key trends in health insurance coverage for the 1994–2000period. As shown in earlier research, the decline in welfare use during this period wassteeper among immigrants. For example, the fraction of natives enrolled in the Medicaidprogram fell from 11.8 to 9.9% between 1994 and 2000. In contrast, the fraction of immigrantsenrolled in Medicaid declined by 3.6 percentage points over the same period (from17.0 to 13.4%). Moreover, the decline was limited to non-citizens—precisely the group offoreign-born persons targeted by welfare reform. Their participation rate fell by 5.5 percentagepoints (from 21.3 to 15.8%). The evidence, therefore, suggests that welfare reform—atleast at the national level—may have had a sizable chilling effect on immigrant participationin the Medicaid program
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