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5.5 Intravenous PCA
Most authors use morphine as the opioid of choice beginning with a small dose (1mg of
morphine) at patient request, with a lockout period (5 minutes) to prevent overdosing.
However there are many side effects of morphine that has lead a vary of studies searching
for the optimal opioid for PCA analgesia. Lenz et al. showed in their study that oxycodone
was more potent than morphine for visceral pain relief but not for sedation in patients after
laparoscopic hysterectomy30.
For abdominal hysterectomies in a teaching hospital in Mexico City a combination of
fentanyl (1mg) plus ketorolac (90-120mg of ketorolac) in a mix of 100cc of total volume is
given to the patients at a rate of 0.4mcg/kg/hr of fentanyl with the same dose for patient
request with a lockout of 30minutes16.
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