Combination Injectable Therapy (SeeFigs. 2 and 3)In certain patients,  translation - Combination Injectable Therapy (SeeFigs. 2 and 3)In certain patients,  Indonesian how to say

Combination Injectable Therapy (See

Combination Injectable Therapy (See
Figs. 2 and 3)
In certain patients, glucose control remains
poor despite the use of three antihyperglycemic
drugs in combination.
With long-standing diabetes, a signifi-
cant diminution in pancreatic insulin secretory
capacity dominates the clinical
picture. In any patient not achieving an
agreed HbA1c target despite intensive
therapy, basal insulin should be considered
an essential component of the
treatment strategy. After basal insulin
(usually in combination with metformin
and sometimes an additional agent), the
2012 position statement endorsed the
addition of one to three injections of a
rapid-acting insulin analog dosed before
meals. As an alternative, the statement
mentioned that, in selected patients,
simpler (but somewhat less flexible)
premixed formulations of intermediateand
short/rapid-acting insulins in fixed
ratios could also be considered (44).
Over the past 3 years, however, the effectiveness
of combining GLP-1 receptor
agonists (both shorter-acting and newer
weekly formulations) with basal insulin
has been demonstrated, with most
studies showing equal or slightly superior
efficacy to the addition of prandial
insulin, and with weight loss and less
hypoglycemia (45–47). The available
data now suggest that either a GLP-1
receptor agonist or prandial insulin
could be used in this setting, with the
former arguably safer, at least for
short-term outcomes (45,48,49). Accordingly,
in those patients on basal insulin
with one or more oral agents
whose diabetes remains uncontrolled,
the addition of a GLP-1 receptor agonist
or mealtime insulin could be
viewed as a logical progression of the
treatment regimen, the former perhaps
a more attractive option in more
obese individuals or in those who may
not have the capacity to handle the
complexities of a multidose insulin
regimen. Indeed, there is increasing
evidence for and interest in this approach
(50). In those patients who
do not respond adequately to the addition
of a GLP-1 receptor agonist to
basal insulin, mealtime insulin in a
0/5000
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Combination Injectable Therapy (SeeFigs. 2 and 3)In certain patients, glucose control remainspoor despite the use of three antihyperglycemicdrugs in combination.With long-standing diabetes, a signifi-cant diminution in pancreatic insulin secretorycapacity dominates the clinicalpicture. In any patient not achieving anagreed HbA1c target despite intensivetherapy, basal insulin should be consideredan essential component of thetreatment strategy. After basal insulin(usually in combination with metforminand sometimes an additional agent), the2012 position statement endorsed theaddition of one to three injections of arapid-acting insulin analog dosed beforemeals. As an alternative, the statementmentioned that, in selected patients,simpler (but somewhat less flexible)premixed formulations of intermediateandshort/rapid-acting insulins in fixedratios could also be considered (44).Over the past 3 years, however, the effectivenessof combining GLP-1 receptoragonists (both shorter-acting and newerweekly formulations) with basal insulinhas been demonstrated, with moststudies showing equal or slightly superiorefficacy to the addition of prandialinsulin, and with weight loss and lesshypoglycemia (45–47). The availabledata now suggest that either a GLP-1receptor agonist or prandial insulincould be used in this setting, with theformer arguably safer, at least forshort-term outcomes (45,48,49). Accordingly,in those patients on basal insulinwith one or more oral agentswhose diabetes remains uncontrolled,the addition of a GLP-1 receptor agonistor mealtime insulin could beviewed as a logical progression of thetreatment regimen, the former perhapsa more attractive option in moreobese individuals or in those who maynot have the capacity to handle thecomplexities of a multidose insulinregimen. Indeed, there is increasingevidence for and interest in this approach(50). In those patients whodo not respond adequately to the additionof a GLP-1 receptor agonist tobasal insulin, mealtime insulin in a
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Kombinasi Suntik Therapy (Lihat
Gambar. 2 dan 3)
Pada pasien tertentu, kontrol glukosa tetap
miskin meskipun penggunaan tiga antihyperglycemic
obat dalam kombinasi.
Dengan diabetes lama, sebuah signifikan
tidak bisa penurunan di sekretori insulin pankreas
kapasitas mendominasi klinis
gambar. Dalam setiap pasien tidak mencapai suatu
sasaran HbA1c setuju meskipun intensif
terapi, insulin basal harus dianggap
komponen penting dari
strategi pengobatan. Setelah insulin basal
(biasanya dalam kombinasi dengan metformin
dan kadang-kadang agen tambahan), yang
pernyataan posisi 2012 mendukung
penambahan 1-3 suntikan dari
analog insulin kerja-cepat tertutup sebelum
makan. Sebagai alternatif, pernyataan
menyebutkan bahwa, pada pasien tertentu,
sederhana (tapi agak kurang fleksibel)
dicampur formulasi dari intermediateand
pendek / cepat-acting insulin dalam tetap
rasio juga bisa dianggap (44).
Selama 3 tahun terakhir, bagaimanapun, efektivitas
menggabungkan-1 GLP reseptor
agonis (baik pendek-akting dan lebih baru
formulasi mingguan) dengan insulin basal
telah dibuktikan, dengan sebagian besar
penelitian yang menunjukkan sama atau sedikit lebih unggul
khasiat untuk penambahan prandial
insulin, dan dengan penurunan berat badan dan kurang
hipoglikemia (45 -47). The tersedia
Data sekarang menunjukkan bahwa baik GLP-1
agonis reseptor insulin prandial atau
dapat digunakan dalam pengaturan ini, dengan
mantan bisa dibilang lebih aman, setidaknya untuk
hasil jangka pendek (45,48,49). Dengan demikian,
pada pasien pada insulin basal
dengan satu atau lebih obat oral
yang diabetes tetap terkendali,
penambahan agonis GLP-1 reseptor
atau insulin waktu makan bisa
dilihat sebagai perkembangan logis dari
rejimen pengobatan, mantan mungkin
pilihan yang lebih menarik lebih
penderita obesitas atau mereka yang mungkin
tidak memiliki kapasitas untuk menangani
kompleksitas dari insulin multidosis
rejimen. Memang, ada peningkatan
bukti dan minat dalam pendekatan ini
(50). Pada pasien yang
tidak merespon secara memadai untuk penambahan
dari reseptor agonis GLP-1 untuk
insulin basal, insulin waktu makan dalam
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