Downward growth of the primary root is rapid and by the 4th or 5th day the first secondary roots emerge 4 to 5 cm behind the primary roots apex. The cotyledons emerge in 3 to 4 days, and are pulled out of the soil by rapid growth in the doubled-over crook in the upper region of the hypocotyl. Further growth and straightening of the hypocotyl elevates the pale cotyledons, which soon become green and photosynthetic in addition to supplying stored reserves to the seedling. The micro bodies, glyoxysomes, appear in cotyledon cells about 48 h after planting, while others, assumed to be peroxisomes, appear as the cotyledons emerge and chloroplasts become functional. This suggests that the glyoxysomes help to convert stored lipids to hexose sugar, whereas the peroxisomes are associated with the chloroplasts. After emergence of the cotyledons, the two primary leaves expand from the apical bud and mature within a few days. Further growth of the seedling and plant before flowering involves the formation of trifoliolate leaves.