Sources of vibrations in a propeller type aircraft
Vibrations in an aircraft with the piston propeller group are
caused by propellers which generate aerodynamic vibrations and
reciprocating ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) that generates
mechanical vibrations [32]. Significant vibration level is generated
on Propeller Rotation Frequency and its harmonics [16].
In this paper are equally presented both terms: PRF and engine
crankshaft rotation frequency. Each ICE generates its own vibration
spectrum. Vibration characteristics are specified by the character
and periodicity excitation. Engine’s vibrations are the consequences
of the thermodynamic work cycle in between piston and
distribution mechanism, and also of the power and lubrication system
[30]. During flight regimes at maximum engine running speed
of 2700 rpm, PRF is 45 Hz. Oscillation frequency corresponds to
2nd harmonic is 90 Hz, 3rd harmonic frequency corresponds to
135 Hz, and 4th harmonic frequency corresponds to 180 Hz. The
torque intensity on the engine’s crankshaft is in function of gas
pressure that changes in the cylinders. Pressure inside engine
cylinders depends on running engine speed. The engine can generate
the same torque during a number of different working regimes.
There is an engine vibration spectrum corresponding to every
working mode [33]. Piston engines are mounted on aircraft frames
through the elastic mounts (shock absorbers), which prevent
equalization of frequency vibration, to the natural oscillation frequencies
of aircraft structure, thus protecting the plane from resonant
vibration.
Fig.