TV polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by using a synthetic A translation - TV polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by using a synthetic A Indonesian how to say

TV polyclonal antibodies were raise

TV polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by using a synthetic ATV derivative coupled to bovine serum albumin as the immunogen, and the enzyme tracer was prepared by chemically coupling the ATV derivative with acetylcholinesterase. These reagents were used to develop a sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay performed in microtitration plates, and the lowest limit of quantification was 150 pg/ml, which is about 10 times more sensitive than previously published techniques. The plasma assay was performed, after a simple methanol extraction, with a minimum of 30 l of plasma. This assay showed good precision and efficiency, since the rates of recovery from human plasma and cell extracts spiked with ATV ranged form 93 to 113%, with coefficients of variation of less than 10%. ATV concentrations were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with various ATV concentrations and in CEM cells in the absence or presence of antiretroviral drugs and drug transporter inhibitors. The results indicated a dose-dependent uptake (intra- cellular concentration/extracellular concentration ratio range, 0.04 to 19). A significant increase in the accu- mulation of ATV was noticed in the presence of P-glycoprotein and MRP1 inhibitors (dipyridamole, inter alia). Interestingly, efavirenz significantly increased the baseline accumulation of ATV, whereas nevirapine induced a marked reduction. This new enzyme immunoassay for measuring plasma and intracellular ATV levels was fully validated and provides an inexpensive and useful tool for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Moreover, in vitro results suggested the implication of drug transporters and interactions with other antiviral drugs that should be further explored in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.



Immunogen preparation and immunization. After chemical modification to introduce an arm spacer bearing an amino function, ATV was coupled to BSA and administered to rabbits in order to induce the synthesis of antibodies, as follows. ATV (300 mg, 0.42 mmol) and 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (94 mg, 0.46 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 ml) under nitrogen. 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (97 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0°C, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (62 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added. The solution was then stirred overnight at room temperature before the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (SiO2 [63 to200 m;Merck]andmethanol-chloroform[10/90])togivetheATV-protected spacer 1-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]-5(S)-2,5-bis{[N-methoxycarbonyl)-L-tert-leuci- nyl]-amino}-4(S)-(4-tert-butoxyaminopropanoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2-azahexane as a yellow oil (312 mg; yield, 84%). The ATV-protected spacer (220 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 3 ml of a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane (30/70). The reaction solu- tion was stirred at 0°C for 1 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo. Several coevaporations with dichloromethane to remove completely the trifluoroacetic acid and the volatile cleaved protecting group led to the ATV spacer 1-[4- (pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]-5(S)-2,5-bis{[N-methoxycarbonyl)-L-tert-leucinyl]-amino}- 4(S)-(4-aminopropanoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2-azahexane as a yellow oil (200 mg; yield, 95%). The global yield starting from ATV was 80%. The final product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imagingandmassspectrometry:for 1HNMR(CDCl3,200MHz)
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TV polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by using a synthetic ATV derivative coupled to bovine serum albumin as the immunogen, and the enzyme tracer was prepared by chemically coupling the ATV derivative with acetylcholinesterase. These reagents were used to develop a sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay performed in microtitration plates, and the lowest limit of quantification was 150 pg/ml, which is about 10 times more sensitive than previously published techniques. The plasma assay was performed, after a simple methanol extraction, with a minimum of 30 l of plasma. This assay showed good precision and efficiency, since the rates of recovery from human plasma and cell extracts spiked with ATV ranged form 93 to 113%, with coefficients of variation of less than 10%. ATV concentrations were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with various ATV concentrations and in CEM cells in the absence or presence of antiretroviral drugs and drug transporter inhibitors. The results indicated a dose-dependent uptake (intra- cellular concentration/extracellular concentration ratio range, 0.04 to 19). A significant increase in the accu- mulation of ATV was noticed in the presence of P-glycoprotein and MRP1 inhibitors (dipyridamole, inter alia). Interestingly, efavirenz significantly increased the baseline accumulation of ATV, whereas nevirapine induced a marked reduction. This new enzyme immunoassay for measuring plasma and intracellular ATV levels was fully validated and provides an inexpensive and useful tool for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Moreover, in vitro results suggested the implication of drug transporters and interactions with other antiviral drugs that should be further explored in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.Immunogen preparation and immunization. After chemical modification to introduce an arm spacer bearing an amino function, ATV was coupled to BSA and administered to rabbits in order to induce the synthesis of antibodies, as follows. ATV (300 mg, 0.42 mmol) and 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-butyric acid (94 mg, 0.46 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 ml) under nitrogen. 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (97 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0°C, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (62 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added. The solution was then stirred overnight at room temperature before the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (SiO2 [63 to200 m;Merck]andmethanol-chloroform[10/90])togivetheATV-protected spacer 1-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]-5(S)-2,5-bis{[N-methoxycarbonyl)-L-tert-leuci- nyl]-amino}-4(S)-(4-tert-butoxyaminopropanoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2-azahexane as a yellow oil (312 mg; yield, 84%). The ATV-protected spacer (220 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 3 ml of a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane (30/70). The reaction solu- tion was stirred at 0°C for 1 h before the solvent was removed in vacuo. Several coevaporations with dichloromethane to remove completely the trifluoroacetic acid and the volatile cleaved protecting group led to the ATV spacer 1-[4- (pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]-5(S)-2,5-bis{[N-methoxycarbonyl)-L-tert-leucinyl]-amino}- 4(S)-(4-aminopropanoxycarbonyl)-6-phenyl-2-azahexane as a yellow oil (200 mg; yield, 95%). The global yield starting from ATV was 80%. The final product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imagingandmassspectrometry:for 1HNMR(CDCl3,200MHz)
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Antibodi poliklonal TV dibesarkan pada kelinci dengan menggunakan ATV turunan sintetis digabungkan dengan albumin serum sapi sebagai imunogen, dan pelacak enzim disiapkan oleh kimia kopling turunan ATV dengan acetylcholinesterase. Reagen ini digunakan untuk mengembangkan immunoassay enzim kompetitif sensitif dilakukan dalam piring mikrotitrasi, dan batas terendah kuantifikasi adalah 150 pg / ml, yaitu sekitar 10 kali lebih sensitif daripada teknik diterbitkan sebelumnya. Uji plasma dilakukan, setelah ekstraksi metanol sederhana, dengan minimal 30 l plasma. Pengujian ini menunjukkan presisi yang baik dan efisiensi, karena tingkat pemulihan dari plasma dan sel ekstrak manusia dibubuhi ATV berkisar bentuk 93-113%, dengan koefisien koe fi variasi kurang dari 10%. Konsentrasi ATV diukur dalam sel mononuklear darah perifer diinkubasi dengan berbagai konsentrasi ATV dan sel CEM dengan tidak adanya atau kehadiran obat antiretroviral dan inhibitor transporter obat. Hasil menunjukkan serapan tergantung dosis (konsentrasi seluler intra / ekstraseluler rentang rasio konsentrasi, 0,04-19). Peningkatan yang signifikan dalam dikan akurat dari ATV yang melihat dengan adanya P-glikoprotein dan MRP1 inhibitor (dipyridamole, antara lain). Menariknya, efavirenz secara signifikan meningkatkan akumulasi dasar dari ATV, sedangkan nevirapine diinduksi pengurangan ditandai. Ini immunoassay enzim baru untuk mengukur plasma dan ATV intraseluler tingkat sepenuhnya divalidasi dan menyediakan alat yang murah dan berguna untuk pemantauan obat terapeutik rutin. Selain itu, dalam vitro Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implikasi transporter obat dan interaksi dengan obat antivirus lain yang harus dieksplorasi lebih lanjut pada pasien yang terinfeksi virus immunodeficiency manusia. persiapan imunogen dan imunisasi. Setelah kimia modi fi kasi untuk memperkenalkan spacer lengan bantalan fungsi amino, ATV masih ditambah dengan BSA dan diberikan kepada kelinci untuk menginduksi sintesis antibodi, sebagai berikut. ATV (300 mg, 0,42 mmol) dan 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-butirat asam (94 mg, 0,46 mmol) dilarutkan dalam diklorometana anhidrat (5 ml) di bawah nitrogen. 1- (3-Dimethylaminopropyl) hidroklorida -3-ethylcarbodiimide (97 mg, 0,5 mmol) ditambahkan pada 0 ° C. Campuran reaksi diaduk selama 1 jam pada 0 ° C, dan 4-dimetilaminopiridin (62 mg, 0,5 mmol) ditambahkan. Larutan kemudian diaduk semalam pada suhu kamar sebelum pelarut dihilangkan dalam vakum. Residu kasar puri fi ed dengan kromatografi pada gel silika (SiO2 [63 to200 m; Merck] andmethanol-kloroform [10/90]) togivetheATV dilindungi spacer 1- [4- (piridin-2-il) fenil] -5 (S ) -2,5-bis {[N-methoxycarbonyl) -L-tert leuci- NYL] -amino} -4 (S) - (4-tert-butoxyaminopropanoxycarbonyl) -6-fenil-2-azahexane sebagai minyak kuning (312 mg, hasil, 84%). Spacer ATV-dilindungi (220 mg, 0,25 mmol) dilarutkan dalam 3 ml campuran tri fl asam uoroacetic dan diklorometana (30/70). Tion reaksi larutan diaduk pada 0 ° C selama 1 jam sebelum pelarut dihilangkan dalam vakum. Beberapa coevaporations dengan diklorometana untuk menghapus sepenuhnya tri fl asam uoroacetic dan stabil membelah melindungi kelompok menyebabkan ATV spacer 1- [4- (piridin-2-il) fenil] -5 (S) -2,5-bis {[N- methoxycarbonyl) -L-tert-leucinyl] -amino} - 4 (S) - (4-aminopropanoxycarbonyl) -6-fenil-2-azahexane sebagai minyak kuning (200 mg, hasil, 95%). Hasil global yang dimulai dari ATV adalah 80%. Produk fi nal ditandai dengan resonansi magnetik nuklir (NMR) imagingandmassspectrometry: untuk 1HNMR (CDCl3,200MHz)



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