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tion of inspirational leadership (.50) is higher than the average inter-item correlation of transformational leadership (.44). The lowest item-rest correlation is also higher for inspirational leadership .46, compared with .32 for transformational leadership. The inspirational scale thus has a higher internal consistency than the transformational scale.The factor found for transactional leadership, named rational-objective leadership, is sim-ilar to Bass' scale for transactional leadership without passive management-by-exception. The correlation between the two scales is considerable (.84, see Table 7). After factor anal-ysis and application of the stipulated critetia, nine items are in the rational-objective scale. The scale statistics for rational-objective leadership are shown in Table 5. They are as expected after adapting the scale, better than those statistics for Bass' transactional leadership. The a of rational-objective leadership is .79, higher than the .60 a of trans-actional leadership. Rational-objective leadership has fewer items (9 vs. 12). The average inter-item correlation of rational leadership (.30) is not as high as the average inter-itemFactor loadmg.82 .78.75 .75 .75.75 .73 .72.72 .70 .68.63.61 .57.57 .55. .55 .48Item-rest correlation.77 .78.78 .77 .74.76.72 .66.77.72 .72 .70 .66 .63 .61 .58 .43 .49Factor loading.69 .65.63 .58 .56 .49.49 .45Item-rest cotrelation.46 .60 .62 .54 .52.45.45 .3630 Deanne N, Den Hartog, JaapJ, Van Muifen and Paul L, KoopmanTable 5. Loadings and item—total correlations of the items on Factor 2 (rational-objective leadership, a — .81) and scale statistics
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