When composing text in a word-processing program like Microsoft Word, leave the “smart quotes” and other special characters in place in the manuscript, but be aware that special characters, math and science symbols, diacritical marks, typographer’s ligatures, and international punctuation will need to be replaced with the html code for each character. With the special characters in place in the Word file, this conversion to web special characters can easily be accomplished with the search-and-replace feature of a web text editor or with web design software like Adobe Dreamweaver.