Advantages
Comprehensive, holistic approach for understanding whole systems.Different view of science that recognises diversity of cause and effect, uncertainty, and probabilistic nature of ecosystems. Draws on theory and methods from different fields to generate models and hypotheses. Contributes to understanding limits,complexity, stresses and dynamics. Encourages preventive thinking by placing people within nature. Facilitates locally appropriate, self-reliant, sustainable action.
Facilitates co-operation, conflict reduction, institutional integration.
Requires recognition of mutual dependence on all parts of a system (e.g. natural/cultural, person/family).Results in criteria for management actions.
Facilitates studies that integrate a
range of disciplines (holistic).