In vitro absorption: Considering that antioxidant absorption takes place mainly at the intestinal digestion stage, the resulting mixture (fluids obtained after in vitro digestion) was transferred to dialysis sacks (D9777-100FT, Sigma–Aldrich), placed in an Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of PBS buffer and incubated in a rotary shaker (2 times per 2 h, 37 C). The PBS buffer, together with the compounds that passed through the membrane (dialysate), was treated as an equivalent of the raw material absorbed in the intestine after digestion.