5. Results e discussing the M-ISO model
5.1. Transforming and value adding
We start our discussion about the M-ISO model by explaining
the transforming and value adding process (see Fig. 2). Essentially,
this process captures the interaction between the
external environment (i.e. external forces that shape the process
of ISO 14001 certification maintenance) and the EMS
team (i.e. a group of actors that are responsible for maintaining
and improving of the ISO 14001 EMS). In our research, EMS
teams consisted of people from operations management and
shop floor e hence senior management and plant management
were also classified as ‘‘external actors’’. Our research revealed
that EMS teams were given the autonomy to manage
operations and EMSs internally (at the facility level) yet
they had to transform/improve/add value to their activities
based also on the external feedback e from external auditors,
senior management/owner, new legislation, etc.