and NBR indices to include thermal infrared (TIR) data from Landsat En translation - and NBR indices to include thermal infrared (TIR) data from Landsat En Indonesian how to say

and NBR indices to include thermal

and NBR indices to include thermal infrared (TIR) data from Landsat Enhanced
Thematic Mapper (ETM + ) band 6 (VI-6T, NBRT), highlighting the utility of the
increase in surface temperature generally observed post-fire. Finally, burned pixels
can to some extent be distinguished from other surfaces in the middle IR (MIR)
spectral region, and versions of the NDVI and GEMI indices have been derived that
replace use of the red spectra band by the reflectance component of the MIR (VI3
and GEMI-3; Kaufman and Remer 1994, Barbosa et al. 1999).
Several of the more recent indices such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index (Huete
et al. 1997, Chen et al. 2004), MIRBI (Trigg and Flasse 2001) and VI6T (Holden
et al. 2005) have yet to be fully evaluated, in particular with respect to the utility
when analysing satellite imagery of southern African savannahs. Prior analysis of
the more established indices applied to data from multiple coarse spatial resolution
sensors has highlighted several sources of error. The classification of low albedo
surfaces (e.g. water and tilled soil) as burned surfaces is common with BAI, NDVI,
VI3 and GEMI (Eva and Lambin 1998, Pereira 1999, Chuvieco et al. 2002).
Furthermore, small amounts of unburned senesced vegetation are often left behind
by fires and these areas are often misclassified as savannah woodland, rather than
burnt areas, when using NDVI-based approaches (Frederikson et al. 1990,
Razafimpanilo et al. 1995). Sparsely vegetated areas may be similarly misclassified
by SAVI (Chuvieco et al. 2002).
As an alternative to spectral indices, a few burnt area mapping studies have used
approaches that attempt to estimate the proportion of a pixel affected by fire (Caetano
et al. 1996, Cochrane and Souza 1998, Shabanov et al. 2005, Vafeidis and Drake 2005).
A common approach is linear spectral unmixing (also known as spectral mixture
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and NBR indices to include thermal infrared (TIR) data from Landsat EnhancedThematic Mapper (ETM + ) band 6 (VI-6T, NBRT), highlighting the utility of theincrease in surface temperature generally observed post-fire. Finally, burned pixelscan to some extent be distinguished from other surfaces in the middle IR (MIR)spectral region, and versions of the NDVI and GEMI indices have been derived thatreplace use of the red spectra band by the reflectance component of the MIR (VI3and GEMI-3; Kaufman and Remer 1994, Barbosa et al. 1999).Several of the more recent indices such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index (Hueteet al. 1997, Chen et al. 2004), MIRBI (Trigg and Flasse 2001) and VI6T (Holdenet al. 2005) have yet to be fully evaluated, in particular with respect to the utilitywhen analysing satellite imagery of southern African savannahs. Prior analysis ofthe more established indices applied to data from multiple coarse spatial resolutionsensors has highlighted several sources of error. The classification of low albedosurfaces (e.g. water and tilled soil) as burned surfaces is common with BAI, NDVI,VI3 and GEMI (Eva and Lambin 1998, Pereira 1999, Chuvieco et al. 2002).Furthermore, small amounts of unburned senesced vegetation are often left behindby fires and these areas are often misclassified as savannah woodland, rather thanburnt areas, when using NDVI-based approaches (Frederikson et al. 1990,Razafimpanilo et al. 1995). Sparsely vegetated areas may be similarly misclassifiedby SAVI (Chuvieco et al. 2002).As an alternative to spectral indices, a few burnt area mapping studies have usedapproaches that attempt to estimate the proportion of a pixel affected by fire (Caetanoet al. 1996, Cochrane and Souza 1998, Shabanov et al. 2005, Vafeidis and Drake 2005).A common approach is linear spectral unmixing (also known as spectral mixture
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dan indeks NBR untuk memasukkan inframerah (TIR) ​​Data termal dari Landsat Ditingkatkan
Thematic Mapper (ETM +) Band 6 (VI-6T, NBRT), menyoroti utilitas dari
peningkatan suhu permukaan umumnya diamati pasca-api. Akhirnya, dibakar piksel
dapat sampai batas tertentu dibedakan dari permukaan lain di IR tengah (MIR)
wilayah spektral, dan versi dari NDVI dan GEMI indeks telah diturunkan yang
menggantikan penggunaan pita spektrum merah oleh komponen pantulan dari MIR ( VI3
dan GEMI-3; Kaufman dan Remer 1994, Barbosa et al, 1999)..
Beberapa indeks yang lebih baru seperti Indeks Ditingkatkan Vegetasi (Huete
et al 1997, Chen et al 2004), MIRBI (Trigg dan Flasse 2001.. ) dan VI6T (Holden
et al. 2005) telah belum sepenuhnya dievaluasi, khususnya sehubungan dengan utilitas
ketika menganalisis citra satelit dari savana Afrika bagian selatan. Analisis sebelumnya dari
indeks yang lebih mapan diterapkan pada data dari beberapa resolusi spasial kasar
sensor telah menyoroti beberapa sumber kesalahan. Klasifikasi Albedo rendah
permukaan (misalnya air dan tanah digarap) sebagai permukaan dibakar umum dengan BAI, NDVI,
VI3 dan GEMI (Eva dan Lambin 1998, Pereira 1999, Chuvieco et al. 2002).
Selain itu, sejumlah kecil vegetasi senesced terbakar sering tertinggal
oleh kebakaran dan daerah ini sering kesalahan klasifikasi sebagai hutan savana, bukan
daerah yang terbakar, bila menggunakan pendekatan berbasis NDVI (Frederikson et al. 1990,
Razafimpanilo et al. 1995). Jarang daerah bervegetasi dapat sama kesalahan klasifikasi
oleh SAVI (Chuvieco et al. 2002).
Sebagai alternatif untuk indeks spektral, beberapa studi pemetaan wilayah yang terbakar telah menggunakan
pendekatan yang mencoba untuk memperkirakan proporsi dari pixel terkena api (Caetano
et al. 1996, Cochrane dan Souza 1998, Shabanov et al. 2005, Vafeidis dan Drake 2005).
pendekatan yang umum adalah unmixing spektral linier (juga dikenal sebagai campuran spektral
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