Surface Reflectance product for the compositing date 11/25/2003. The o translation - Surface Reflectance product for the compositing date 11/25/2003. The o Indonesian how to say

Surface Reflectance product for the

Surface Reflectance product for the compositing date 11/25/
2003. The overall accuracy improved (slope=0.92 with
R2 =0.97) (Fig. 7b) once this date was excluded from the
analysis. Similar to the Central Siberian test site, the relationship
is driven by one very large fire scar. For fire scars less than
50,000 ha, the MODIS burned areas slightly overestimate the
area (slope=1.15) and have less consistency in the estimates
with R2 =0.87 (Fig. 7c). Although the reference dataset does not
allow for conducting full assessment of geographic accuracy of
burned area mapping, the visual evaluation of mapped burns
shows good spatial correspondence between the MODIS burned
area and the fire perimeters (Fig. 9b).
4.3. Sagebrush steppe of the Great Basin
Sagebrush steppe is found in the northern-most reaches of
the Great Basin desert region in the intermountain Western US.
The region is predominantly open rangeland containing sparse
shrub cover intermixed with grass cover and exposed rocky
soils. Historically, the ecosystem consisted of several sagebrush
species and short perennial bunchgrasses and forbs (Young &
Allen, 1997). Fires and widespread grazing were not initially
part of the ecological disturbance regime (Harris, 1967). In the
past century, there has been an invasion of exotic annual grasses
that have altered the fire regime (Mack, 1981). The increase in
fine fuels availability has facilitated fire spread and increased
fire frequency. Repeated fires coupled with overgrazing have
allowed for the replacement of sagebrush by exotic annual
grasses (Prater et al., 2006), facilitating the overall dominance
of annual grass cover and further altering the fire regime
through a feedback loop. Post-fire regeneration of sagebrush is
relatively slow as compared to other shrub communities, with
regeneration often requiring 15 years or more to return to preburn
conditions (Humphrey, 1984).
The sagebrush steppe site covers ∼175,000 km2 (MODIS
tile h09v04), and the burned areas for this ecosystem were
mapped for 2001. We incorporated herbaceous cover in the
dNBR threshold development in addition to tree cover. The
threshold was set at 100 (dNBR⁎1000) for areas with tree cover
>2%. For areas with tree cover ≤2%, the thresholds were set at
100 (dNBR⁎ 1000) for herbaceous cover >72% and 75
(dNBR⁎1000) for areas with herbaceous cover ≤72%. The
spatial active fire threshold was set at “5 times active fire pixel
count ⁎100 ha” based on the estimates of arid grasslands in
0/5000
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Surface Reflectance product for the compositing date 11/25/2003. The overall accuracy improved (slope=0.92 withR2 =0.97) (Fig. 7b) once this date was excluded from theanalysis. Similar to the Central Siberian test site, the relationshipis driven by one very large fire scar. For fire scars less than50,000 ha, the MODIS burned areas slightly overestimate thearea (slope=1.15) and have less consistency in the estimateswith R2 =0.87 (Fig. 7c). Although the reference dataset does notallow for conducting full assessment of geographic accuracy ofburned area mapping, the visual evaluation of mapped burnsshows good spatial correspondence between the MODIS burnedarea and the fire perimeters (Fig. 9b).4.3. Sagebrush steppe of the Great BasinSagebrush steppe is found in the northern-most reaches ofthe Great Basin desert region in the intermountain Western US.The region is predominantly open rangeland containing sparseshrub cover intermixed with grass cover and exposed rockysoils. Historically, the ecosystem consisted of several sagebrushspecies and short perennial bunchgrasses and forbs (Young &Allen, 1997). Fires and widespread grazing were not initiallypart of the ecological disturbance regime (Harris, 1967). In thepast century, there has been an invasion of exotic annual grassesthat have altered the fire regime (Mack, 1981). The increase infine fuels availability has facilitated fire spread and increasedfire frequency. Repeated fires coupled with overgrazing haveallowed for the replacement of sagebrush by exotic annualgrasses (Prater et al., 2006), facilitating the overall dominanceof annual grass cover and further altering the fire regimethrough a feedback loop. Post-fire regeneration of sagebrush isrelatively slow as compared to other shrub communities, withregeneration often requiring 15 years or more to return to preburnconditions (Humphrey, 1984).The sagebrush steppe site covers ∼175,000 km2 (MODIStile h09v04), and the burned areas for this ecosystem weremapped for 2001. We incorporated herbaceous cover in thedNBR threshold development in addition to tree cover. Thethreshold was set at 100 (dNBR⁎1000) for areas with tree cover>2%. For areas with tree cover ≤2%, the thresholds were set at100 (dNBR⁎ 1000) for herbaceous cover >72% and 75(dNBR⁎1000) for areas with herbaceous cover ≤72%. Thespatial active fire threshold was set at “5 times active fire pixelcount ⁎100 ha” based on the estimates of arid grasslands in
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Produk reflektansi permukaan untuk tanggal compositing 11/25 /
tahun 2003. Akurasi keseluruhan meningkat (kemiringan = 0.92 dengan
R2 = 0,97) (Gambar. 7b) setelah tanggal ini dikeluarkan dari
analisis. Mirip dengan situs tes Central Siberia, hubungan
didorong oleh satu bekas luka api yang sangat besar. Untuk api bekas luka kurang dari
50.000 ha, yang MODIS dibakar daerah sedikit melebih-lebihkan
daerah (kemiringan = 1,15) dan memiliki lebih sedikit konsistensi dalam perkiraan
dengan R2 = 0,87 (Gambar. 7c). Meskipun dataset referensi tidak
memungkinkan untuk melakukan penilaian penuh ketelitian geografis
pemetaan area yang terbakar, evaluasi visual luka bakar dipetakan
menunjukkan korespondensi spasial yang baik antara MODIS dibakar
daerah dan perimeter api (Gambar. 9b).
4.3. Sagebrush padang rumput dari Great Basin
padang semak-semak ditemukan di paling utara mencapai dari
wilayah gurun Great Basin di AS Barat intermountain.
Daerah ini didominasi terbuka rangeland mengandung jarang
penutup semak bercampur dengan penutup rumput dan berbatu terkena
tanah. Secara historis, ekosistem terdiri dari beberapa semak-semak
spesies dan bunchgrasses abadi pendek dan forbs (Young &
Allen, 1997). Kebakaran dan merumput luas awalnya tidak
bagian dari gangguan rezim ekologi (Harris, 1967). Pada
abad terakhir, telah terjadi invasi rumput tahunan eksotis
yang telah mengubah rezim api (Mack, 1981). Peningkatan
ketersediaan bahan bakar baik telah memfasilitasi penyebaran api dan peningkatan
frekuensi kebakaran. Kebakaran yang berulang ditambah dengan penggembalaan telah
memungkinkan untuk penggantian semak-semak oleh tahunan eksotis
rumput (Prater et al., 2006), memfasilitasi dominasi keseluruhan
penutup rumput tahunan dan selanjutnya mengubah rezim api
melalui umpan balik. Regenerasi pasca-api semak-semak adalah
relatif lambat dibandingkan dengan masyarakat semak lainnya, dengan
regenerasi sering membutuhkan 15 tahun atau lebih untuk kembali ke preburn
kondisi (Humphrey, 1984).
Situs semak-semak padang mencakup ~175,000 km2 (MODIS
genteng h09v04), dan daerah dibakar untuk ekosistem ini sedang
dipetakan untuk 2001. Kami memasukkan penutup herba dalam
pengembangan ambang DNBR selain tutupan pohon. The
ambang batas yang ditetapkan sebesar 100 (dNBR⁎1000) untuk daerah dengan tutupan pohon
> 2%. Untuk daerah dengan tutupan pohon ≤2%, ambang yang ditetapkan pada
100 (dNBR⁎ 1000) untuk herba penutup> 72% dan 75
(dNBR⁎1000) untuk daerah dengan penutup herba ≤72%. The
ambang api yang aktif spasial ditetapkan pada "pixel 5 kali api yang aktif
count ⁎100 ha" berdasarkan perkiraan dari padang rumput kering di
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