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2 Inflation targeting literature review Inflation targeting policy focuses on the inflation rate and started inNew Zealand in 1990. Now, inflation targeting is a policy adopted by 9industrial countries and 19 emerging countries. Prior to this new policy,central banks used to focus on intermediate targets such as monetary aggregates. Applying this policy is consistent with the major goal of monetary policy, which is to achieve price stability and enhance economicgrowth. Moreover, this policy is a clear sign from the central bank that itis combating the inflation rate. The technical steps of how to set up a price-targeting framework aresimple and easy. First, the economic team, i.e. monetary and fiscal authorities set-up and announce the appropriate inflation rate for the economy.Second, the monetary authority monitors the actual inflation rate and setssome forecasts. Third, the monetary authority adjusts monetary policy toreduce the gap between the forecast and the target. Horvath and Mateju(2011) found that higher levels of inflation and higher variability of inflation are associated with higher inflation targeting. Moreover, they found anegative relationship between central bank credibility and inflation targeting. The great recession of 2007-2008 has opened a new challenge facinginflation targeters in the form of a trade-off between controlling the inflation rate or limiting economic contraction. The debate in developed and developing countries regarding inflationtargeting is very dissimilar. In developed countries the argument is aboutdoes inflation targeting make a difference? Economists in these countriesseek evidence to prove that macroeconomic performance is better underinflation targeting. However, in developing countries, economists explorethe applicability of inflation targeting.
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