An early long distance demonstration of QKD was based upon two asymmetric Mach-Zender interferometers (AMZI) [2, 3]. Photons generated by the sender (Alice) travel through the first AMZI, followed by the optical fibre, before passing through a second AMZI at the receiver’s (Bob) site. Optical interference will take place if the phase delay of Bob’s AMZI cancels that of Alice’s. Alice and Bob can then perform QKD using phase modulators in each of the two interfering paths, provided there is a fixed phase relationship between the two paths without any modulation. In practice, maintaining a fixed path length difference (to within several tens of a nanometer) between the two AMZIs is very difficult. In particular, changes in the ambient conditions, such as the apparatus temperature, cause a slow drift of the phase difference. Consequently, one-way systems typically operate for only a few minutes at a time and require constant realignment [5, 6].