There are two prerequisites for developing C difficileassociated diarr translation - There are two prerequisites for developing C difficileassociated diarr Indonesian how to say

There are two prerequisites for dev

There are two prerequisites for developing C difficile
associated diarrhoea: disruption of the normal
gastrointestinal flora, causing diminished colonisation
resistance favouring C difficile, and acquisition
of the organism from an exogenous source.
Other factors include host susceptibility, virulence
of the C difficile strain concerned, and the nature
and extent of antimicrobial exposure.3
In normal people there are more than 500
species of bacteria in the colon. A gram of faeces
normally contains up to 1012 bacteria that resist
colonisation and impair multiplication of C
difficile. Lactobacilli and group D enterococci
display most antagonistic activity,8 and eradication
or reduction of such bacteria by antibiotics
creates an environmental vacuum for C difficile to
fill. People have significant variations in their
intestinal microflora and the elderly population
are most at risk of C difficile diarrhoea, possibly
because their protective bacteroides diversity is
more likely to be affected by antibiotics, which
then permit growth of C difficile.
There are more than 400 strains of C difficile.
Infection is acquired faeco-orally and C difficile
multiplies in the colon. Only toxin producing
strains produce disease.10 Toxins are endocytosed
by colonic epithelial cells and damage the actin
cytoskeleton, causing cell death. There are two
toxins that together are normally required to
cause C difficile associated diarrhoea. Toxin A
disrupts colonic mucosal cell adherence to
colonic basement membrane and damages villous
tips. Toxin B enters the cell by endocytosis
and induces apoptosis. Toxin B is 1000 times
more potent in its cytotoxic effect than toxin A.
Both toxins stimulate monocytes and macrophages,
which in turn release interleukin 8,
resulting in tissue infiltration with neutrophils.
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There are two prerequisites for developing C difficileassociated diarrhoea: disruption of the normalgastrointestinal flora, causing diminished colonisationresistance favouring C difficile, and acquisitionof the organism from an exogenous source.Other factors include host susceptibility, virulenceof the C difficile strain concerned, and the natureand extent of antimicrobial exposure.3In normal people there are more than 500species of bacteria in the colon. A gram of faecesnormally contains up to 1012 bacteria that resistcolonisation and impair multiplication of Cdifficile. Lactobacilli and group D enterococcidisplay most antagonistic activity,8 and eradicationor reduction of such bacteria by antibioticscreates an environmental vacuum for C difficile tofill. People have significant variations in theirintestinal microflora and the elderly populationare most at risk of C difficile diarrhoea, possiblybecause their protective bacteroides diversity ismore likely to be affected by antibiotics, whichthen permit growth of C difficile.There are more than 400 strains of C difficile.Infection is acquired faeco-orally and C difficilemultiplies in the colon. Only toxin producingstrains produce disease.10 Toxins are endocytosedby colonic epithelial cells and damage the actincytoskeleton, causing cell death. There are twotoxins that together are normally required tocause C difficile associated diarrhoea. Toxin Adisrupts colonic mucosal cell adherence tocolonic basement membrane and damages villoustips. Toxin B enters the cell by endocytosisand induces apoptosis. Toxin B is 1000 timesmore potent in its cytotoxic effect than toxin A.Both toxins stimulate monocytes and macrophages,which in turn release interleukin 8,resulting in tissue infiltration with neutrophils.
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Ada dua prasyarat untuk mengembangkan C difficile
terkait diare: gangguan normal
flora yang gastrointestinal, menyebabkan kolonisasi berkurang
resistensi mendukung C difficile, dan akuisisi
. Organisme dari sumber eksogen
Faktor-faktor lain termasuk kerentanan tuan rumah, virulensi
dari strain C difficile yang bersangkutan, dan sifat
dan tingkat exposure.3 antimikroba
pada orang normal ada lebih dari 500
jenis bakteri dalam usus besar. Satu gram feses
biasanya berisi hingga 1012 bakteri yang menolak
penjajahan dan merusak perkalian C
difficile. Lactobacilli dan kelompok D enterococci
display aktivitas yang paling antagonis, 8 dan pemberantasan
atau pengurangan bakteri tersebut dengan antibiotik
menciptakan vakum lingkungan untuk C difficile untuk
mengisi. Orang-orang memiliki variasi yang signifikan dalam mereka
mikroflora usus dan penduduk lanjut usia
yang paling berisiko C difficile diare, mungkin
karena bacteroides pelindung mereka keragaman adalah
lebih mungkin akan terpengaruh oleh antibiotik, yang
kemudian memungkinkan pertumbuhan C difficile.
Ada lebih dari 400 strain C difficile.
Infeksi didapat faeco-oral dan C difficile
mengalikan dalam usus besar. Hanya racun memproduksi
strain menghasilkan disease.10 Racun yang endocytosed
oleh sel epitel kolon dan merusak aktin
sitoskeleton, menyebabkan kematian sel. Ada dua
racun yang bersama-sama biasanya diperlukan untuk
menyebabkan C difficile terkait diare. Toxin A
mengganggu kolon kepatuhan sel mukosa ke
membran basal kolon dan kerusakan vili
tips. Toksin B memasuki sel oleh endositosis
dan menginduksi apoptosis. Toksin B adalah 1000 kali
lebih kuat dalam efek sitotoksik dibanding racun A.
Kedua racun merangsang monosit dan makrofag,
yang pada gilirannya rilis interleukin 8,
mengakibatkan infiltrasi jaringan dengan neutrofil.
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