Interactive Effects of Crab Burrowing and Habitat Type on Bioturbation
The magnitude of bioturbation effects depends on the interactions between the biology of the bioturbators and their environments. Our results show that the crab burrowing effects varied considerably among the three contrasting habitats. In particular,whether vegetation was present greatly affected both quantity and quality of excavated and mimicburrow deposited soils, and hence determine the burrowing effects.Crab burrow volume and depth reflected, to a certain degree, the belowground structure of plants(Katrak and others 2008; Wang 2008). Although the biomass of Spartina’s rhizomes was significantly less than that of Phragmites, that of fine roots in Figure 7. A schematic diagram of interactive effects of tide and crab burrowing on the chemical properties of deep-layer and surface sediments. Tide with debris and litter flows into the crab burrow, increasing the total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC) of deep soil; and crab excavation might promote the mineralization of soil organic matter and increase the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) of surface sediments compared to the background soil without crab bioturbation. Crabs may repeatedly use the existing burrows, which incorporates the fallen litter and debris into excavated soil, resulting in more organic matter than background soil. 596 J. Q. Wang and others Spartina marshes was greater than that in Phragmites marshes. Crab burrow volume and depth were the lowest in Spartina marshes, indicating that these parameters might be limited by the presence
of fine roots. Also, the body size of crabs, which largely determines the crab’s excavating ability,was generally the largest in mudflats, but the smallest in Spartina marsh. As a result, soil excavated in the vegetated marshes was significantly lower than that in unvegetated mudflats. Opening size (diameter) of crab burrows was another important factor influencing burrowing performance.Burrow mimic deposition efficiency decreased with increasing burrow mimic diameter.Small burrows might have substantially contributed to sediment deposition because they were the most abundant at our study site. Dense plant canopies attenuate tidal flows, decreasing sediment transport (Daehler and Strong 1996). Consequently,burrow mimic deposition in Phragmites and Spartina marshes was significantly lower than that in mudflats.Plants also affect the properties of soil transported by crabs through increasing plant production and/ or altering soil ecosystem processes. Marsh plant communities produce a considerable amount of aboveground litter and detritus and belowground litter and root exudates (Neira and others 2006),which might lead to great soil organic matter content in the vegetated marshes. The presence of plants significantly enhanced the concentrations of total soil N and C, and organic C (Figure 3) although plants might have absorbed some nutrients for their own growth. In general, vegetation can increase the differences in soil properties between upper and deeper soil layers through enhancing nutrient concentrations of upper soil layers and obstructing the vertical movement of materials from crab burrowing. In contrast, vertical mixing of sediments by crabs precludes any obviously vertical stratification of carbon and nutrients (Takeda and Kurihara 1987; McCraith and others 2003; Fanjul and others 2007).
Results (
Thai) 1:
[Copy]Copied!
Bioturbation โต้ผลของรูปูและประเภทที่อยู่อาศัยขนาดของผล bioturbation ขึ้นอยู่กับการโต้ตอบระหว่างชีววิทยาของ bioturbators การและสภาพแวดล้อมของพวกเขา ผลลัพธ์ที่แสดงที่ปูขุดลักษณะพิเศษที่แตกต่างกันมากในหมู่บ้านแตกต่างกันสาม โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง ว่า พืชที่มีอยู่อย่างมากได้รับผลกระทบทั้งปริมาณและคุณภาพของการขุดค้น และ mimicburrow ฝากดิน และดังนั้นจึง กำหนดผลกระทบโพรง ปริมาณปูมุดลึกสะท้อน ในระดับหนึ่ง โครงสร้างของพืช (Katrak และอื่น ๆ 2008; belowground ทางวังที่ 2008) ถึงแม้ว่าชีวมวลของเหง้าของ Spartina ถูกมากน้อยกว่าที่ว่า ของดีรากในรูป 7, Phragmites แผนภาพแผนผังของผลแบบโต้ตอบของไทด์ และปูรูคุณสมบัติทางเคมีของตะกอน ชั้นลึก และพื้นผิว ไทด์กับเศษและทรายไหลเข้าไปในการปูมุด เพิ่มไนโตรเจนทั้งหมด (TN), คาร์บอนทั้งหมด (TC), ปริมาณคาร์บอนอินทรีย์รวม (TOC) ของดินลึก และขุดปูอาจส่งเสริม mineralization ของดินอินทรีย์ และเพิ่มไนโตรเจนอนินทรีย์รวม (TIN) ของตะกอนที่ผิวเมื่อเทียบกับดินที่พื้นหลังโดย bioturbation ปู ปูในซ้ำ ๆ อาจใช้โพรงที่มีอยู่ ซึ่งรวมครอกลดลงและเศษเป็นขุดดิน อินทรีย์กว่าดินพื้นหลัง 596 J. Q. วังและอื่น ๆ Spartina บึงคือบึง Phragmites การ ปูมุดปริมาณและความลึกสุดในบึง Spartina แสดงว่า พารามิเตอร์เหล่านี้อาจถูกจำกัด โดยมีof fine roots. Also, the body size of crabs, which largely determines the crab’s excavating ability,was generally the largest in mudflats, but the smallest in Spartina marsh. As a result, soil excavated in the vegetated marshes was significantly lower than that in unvegetated mudflats. Opening size (diameter) of crab burrows was another important factor influencing burrowing performance.Burrow mimic deposition efficiency decreased with increasing burrow mimic diameter.Small burrows might have substantially contributed to sediment deposition because they were the most abundant at our study site. Dense plant canopies attenuate tidal flows, decreasing sediment transport (Daehler and Strong 1996). Consequently,burrow mimic deposition in Phragmites and Spartina marshes was significantly lower than that in mudflats.Plants also affect the properties of soil transported by crabs through increasing plant production and/ or altering soil ecosystem processes. Marsh plant communities produce a considerable amount of aboveground litter and detritus and belowground litter and root exudates (Neira and others 2006),which might lead to great soil organic matter content in the vegetated marshes. The presence of plants significantly enhanced the concentrations of total soil N and C, and organic C (Figure 3) although plants might have absorbed some nutrients for their own growth. In general, vegetation can increase the differences in soil properties between upper and deeper soil layers through enhancing nutrient concentrations of upper soil layers and obstructing the vertical movement of materials from crab burrowing. In contrast, vertical mixing of sediments by crabs precludes any obviously vertical stratification of carbon and nutrients (Takeda and Kurihara 1987; McCraith and others 2003; Fanjul and others 2007).
Being translated, please wait..
