as well as nonlinguistic world knowledge and communication strategies, are also indispensible. The models indicate further the necessity of size, depth, and processing speed of vocabulary knowledge in speaking, because speakers use both form-meaning links (i.e., size) and the syntactic and morphological information associated with each word in the mental lexicon (depth), and because automatic, or at least relatively fast, lexical retrieval (speed) is required for smooth and effective communication