c) An investment can be analysed in terms of allocating funds with the intention of obtaining revenue at a later date. In other words, a planned investment applies to the totality of activities and operations which consume limited resources and from which one expects to derive revenues or other financial or non-financial benefits. The investment decision can be analysed as a choice regarding resource allocation to a given project with a view to generating surplus profit. It involves a wager on the future, involving both a risk but also a degree of confidence, and requires expenditure which is certain in the hope of obtaining future gains which are uncertain or unpredictable.
d) Transition to NGNs calls for business models allowing investment to develop a core IP network with a range of available access technologies. In order to ensure a smooth transition, it will be necessary to review policy requirements as regards factors determining the choice of terminal devices and access technologies. Mobile phones and the Internet have provided early “NGN” experience for many uses of services such as push-to talk, Instant Messaging, two-way video and content (video, audio and text) streamed and broadcast to the user in many parts of the world. Most developed countries have embraced NGNs by adopting technology-neutral regulation, and developing countries can learn from such experiences when designing frameworks for transition to NGNs.