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EVERY DAY our bodies are exposed to billions
of potential pathogens from which we
are protected by the swift, effi cient activation
of our immune defences. Essential to
effective immune function is the ability
of this system to distinguish dangerous
foreign invaders – pathogens – from the
benign, or from our body’s own cells, and
to tightly regulate activation signals so
immune response remains proportional and
controlled. Abnormal or excessive activation
of the immune system can cause hypersensitivity
reactions.
Hypersensitivity reactions are often
perceived simply as allergies, ranging from
urticaria (hives), hay fever or asthma, to
anaphylaxis. However they also include
delayed and cytotoxic reactions. The focus
of this article is on type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions – immediate reactions – and, in
particular, the development of anaphylaxis.
An appreciation of the mechanisms underlying
the development of immediate
hypersensitivity and the pathophysiological
events occurring during an anaphylactic reaction
provides a rationale for understanding
symptoms and therapeutic interventions
associated with anaphylaxis.
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