health management decisions are closely linked to their cultural background and the environmental resources of their region. Ilence, throughout the structured anger management program, partici- pants’ responses were interpreted according to the model of IIwa-Byung. Interventions were focused on Improvements in anger management, enhance- ment of resilience, coping mechanisms, and support systems to decrease the level of anger for family‘ members of patients with AUD. This idea is related to the cultural care theory developed by Leininger (I995), in which the necessity is stressed to consider the cultural aspects of a family, a group, and a community when implementing nursrng activity and making health care decisions. Without understanding cultural differences, it is difficult to understand the meaning and expres- sions of nursing phenomena.