A QM provides the mortgage originator either safe harbor from lawsuits (in instances where foreclosure proceedings are initiated against the borrower) or the benefit of rebuttable presumption for loans made at the prevailing prime rate plus 1.5 percent orbelow. Under rebuttable presumption, the borrower would have to prove the lender had good cause to expect her/him to be unable to afford mortgage repayments. The following standards have to be met for mortgages to be deemed a QM: (i) no excessive upfront points and fees; (ii) no toxic loan features (interest only, negative amortization, term beyond 30 years, or balloon repayment); and (iii) limits on debt service-to-income ratios (currently 43 percent). It should be noted that consumers can still sue their lenders under provisions of other federal consumer protection laws (Qualified Mortgage, 2013).